exam 1 Flashcards
Module 1-3 quizzes
which characteristic is unique to animals?
nervous system signal conduction
what characteristic is common to all known animals?
animals are multicellular
what do animals as diverse as corals and monkeys have in common?
hox genes
at what developmental stage should one be able to first distinguish a diploblastic embryo from a triploblastic embryo?
gastrulation
the blastopore is a structure that first becomes evident during
gastrulation
the blastopore denotes the presence of an endoderm-lined cavity in the developing embryo, a cavity known as the
archenteron
crayfish have what kind of symmetry?
bilateral
starfish have what kind of symmetry?
radial
what is true of animals?
they are eukaryotic heterotrophs that lack cell walls & are multicellular
the tremendous increase in the diversity of animals, beginning about 542 million years ago, is called the
cambrian explosion
which of the following is found only among annelids?
a clitellum
what describes echinoderms?
tubefeet provide motility in most species
which group of organisms has flagella associated with its method of feeding?
sponges
which structure can be found in the mesohyl of a sponge
amoebocytes and spicules
which sponge cell is most structurally and functionally similar to the cnidocyte of a cnidarian?
choanocyte
if you brush your fingers along the tentacles of a sea anemone, what are you most likely to find upon microscopic examination of your fingers?
nematocysts
what characteristic is exhibited by most hydrozoans?
both polyp and medusa forms
against what do the circular and longitudinal muscles of annelids work?
hydrostatic skeleton
a sponges structural materials (spicules, spongin) are manufactured by the
amoebocytes
the members of which clade in the phylum cnidaria occur only as polyps?
anthozoa
which clade in the phylum cnidaria includes jellies with rounded (as opposed to boxlike) medusae?
scyphozoa
what characteristic is shared by both cnidarians and flatworms?
a digestive system with a single opening
the organ of respiratory gas exchange in oligochaetes is
the skin
the excretory organs of annelids are
metanephridia
a terrestrial mollusc without a shell belongs to which clade?
gastropods
a radula is present in members of which clades?
both chitons and gastropods
what is a characteristic of nematodes?
they have only longitudinal muscles
the heartworms that can accumulate within the hearts of dogs and other mammals have a pseudocoelom, an alimentary canal, and an outer covering that is occasionally shed. to which phylum does the heartworm belong?
nematoda
among the invertebrate phyla, phylum arthropoda is unique in possessing members that have
wings
a shared derived characteristic for members of the arthropod subgroup that includes spiders would be the presence of
chelicerae
jaws first occurred in which extant group of fishes?
chondrichthyans
in early chordates, the primitive pharyngeal slits carried out which function?
suspension feeding devices
which group includes members that all have fully opposable thumbs?
anthropoids
what is a characteristic of all chordates at some point during their life cycle?
post anal tail
which extant chordates are most like the earliest chordates in appearance?
lancelets
what structures do vertebrates and tunicates both possess?
a notochord and a dorsal hollow nerve cord
which of the following groups includes the greatest number of organisms?
gnathostomes
in vertebrates, the earliest known mineralized structured were associated with body parts involved in what process?
feeding
which reproductive strategies in mammals involves the mother laying eggs that hatch outside of her body?
oviparous reproduction
in a typical ray-finned fish, the swim bladder allows the individuals to perform which process?
remain buoyant
what was a trend first observed in the evolution of the earliest tetrapods?
feet with digits
what is believed to be the most significant result of the evolution of the amniotic egg?
tetrapods are no longer tied to the water for reproduction
which structure of the amniotic egg most closely surrounds the embryo?
the amnion
which characteristic evolved independently in mammals and birds?
endothermy
which of these groups of organisms are amniotes?
turtles
what statement about the geographic distribution of marsupials is accurate?
the occur in Australia & the Americas
which of these traits is most strongly associated with the evolution of bipedalism?
reposition of foramen magnum
Terry catches a ray-finned fish from the ocean and notices that attached to its flank is an equally long, snakelike organism. The attached organism has no external segmentation, no scales, a round mouth surrounded by a sucker, and two small eyes. Terry thinks it might be a marine leech, a hagfish, or a lamprey. Tank saved some of the tooth-like objects within the hagfish’s round mouth to analyze their composition in his mentor’s biochemistry research lab. Tank will find that they are composed of the same protein found in tetrapod _____
skin
what group of mammals have (a) embryos that spend more time feeding through the placenta than the mother’s nipples, (b) young that feed on milk, and (c) a prolonged period of maternal care after leaving the placenta?
eutheria
what would a paleontologist most likely do to determine if a fossil represents a reptile or a mammal?
examine the teeth
