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bio 2 > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

Module 1-3 quizzes

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

which characteristic is unique to animals?

A

nervous system signal conduction

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2
Q

what characteristic is common to all known animals?

A

animals are multicellular

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3
Q

what do animals as diverse as corals and monkeys have in common?

A

hox genes

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4
Q

at what developmental stage should one be able to first distinguish a diploblastic embryo from a triploblastic embryo?

A

gastrulation

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5
Q

the blastopore is a structure that first becomes evident during

A

gastrulation

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6
Q

the blastopore denotes the presence of an endoderm-lined cavity in the developing embryo, a cavity known as the

A

archenteron

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7
Q

crayfish have what kind of symmetry?

A

bilateral

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8
Q

starfish have what kind of symmetry?

A

radial

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9
Q

what is true of animals?

A

they are eukaryotic heterotrophs that lack cell walls & are multicellular

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10
Q

the tremendous increase in the diversity of animals, beginning about 542 million years ago, is called the

A

cambrian explosion

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11
Q

which of the following is found only among annelids?

A

a clitellum

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12
Q

what describes echinoderms?

A

tubefeet provide motility in most species

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13
Q

which group of organisms has flagella associated with its method of feeding?

A

sponges

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14
Q

which structure can be found in the mesohyl of a sponge

A

amoebocytes and spicules

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15
Q

which sponge cell is most structurally and functionally similar to the cnidocyte of a cnidarian?

A

choanocyte

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16
Q

if you brush your fingers along the tentacles of a sea anemone, what are you most likely to find upon microscopic examination of your fingers?

A

nematocysts

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17
Q

what characteristic is exhibited by most hydrozoans?

A

both polyp and medusa forms

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18
Q

against what do the circular and longitudinal muscles of annelids work?

A

hydrostatic skeleton

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19
Q

a sponges structural materials (spicules, spongin) are manufactured by the

A

amoebocytes

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20
Q

the members of which clade in the phylum cnidaria occur only as polyps?

A

anthozoa

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21
Q

which clade in the phylum cnidaria includes jellies with rounded (as opposed to boxlike) medusae?

A

scyphozoa

22
Q

what characteristic is shared by both cnidarians and flatworms?

A

a digestive system with a single opening

23
Q

the organ of respiratory gas exchange in oligochaetes is

A

the skin

24
Q

the excretory organs of annelids are

A

metanephridia

25
Q

a terrestrial mollusc without a shell belongs to which clade?

A

gastropods

26
Q

a radula is present in members of which clades?

A

both chitons and gastropods

27
Q

what is a characteristic of nematodes?

A

they have only longitudinal muscles

28
Q

the heartworms that can accumulate within the hearts of dogs and other mammals have a pseudocoelom, an alimentary canal, and an outer covering that is occasionally shed. to which phylum does the heartworm belong?

A

nematoda

29
Q

among the invertebrate phyla, phylum arthropoda is unique in possessing members that have

A

wings

30
Q

a shared derived characteristic for members of the arthropod subgroup that includes spiders would be the presence of

A

chelicerae

31
Q

jaws first occurred in which extant group of fishes?

A

chondrichthyans

32
Q

in early chordates, the primitive pharyngeal slits carried out which function?

A

suspension feeding devices

33
Q

which group includes members that all have fully opposable thumbs?

A

anthropoids

34
Q

what is a characteristic of all chordates at some point during their life cycle?

A

post anal tail

35
Q

which extant chordates are most like the earliest chordates in appearance?

A

lancelets

36
Q

what structures do vertebrates and tunicates both possess?

A

a notochord and a dorsal hollow nerve cord

37
Q

which of the following groups includes the greatest number of organisms?

A

gnathostomes

38
Q

in vertebrates, the earliest known mineralized structured were associated with body parts involved in what process?

A

feeding

39
Q

which reproductive strategies in mammals involves the mother laying eggs that hatch outside of her body?

A

oviparous reproduction

40
Q

in a typical ray-finned fish, the swim bladder allows the individuals to perform which process?

A

remain buoyant

41
Q

what was a trend first observed in the evolution of the earliest tetrapods?

A

feet with digits

42
Q

what is believed to be the most significant result of the evolution of the amniotic egg?

A

tetrapods are no longer tied to the water for reproduction

43
Q

which structure of the amniotic egg most closely surrounds the embryo?

A

the amnion

44
Q

which characteristic evolved independently in mammals and birds?

A

endothermy

45
Q

which of these groups of organisms are amniotes?

A

turtles

46
Q

what statement about the geographic distribution of marsupials is accurate?

A

the occur in Australia & the Americas

47
Q

which of these traits is most strongly associated with the evolution of bipedalism?

A

reposition of foramen magnum

48
Q

Terry catches a ray-finned fish from the ocean and notices that attached to its flank is an equally long, snakelike organism. The attached organism has no external segmentation, no scales, a round mouth surrounded by a sucker, and two small eyes. Terry thinks it might be a marine leech, a hagfish, or a lamprey. Tank saved some of the tooth-like objects within the hagfish’s round mouth to analyze their composition in his mentor’s biochemistry research lab. Tank will find that they are composed of the same protein found in tetrapod _____

A

skin

49
Q

what group of mammals have (a) embryos that spend more time feeding through the placenta than the mother’s nipples, (b) young that feed on milk, and (c) a prolonged period of maternal care after leaving the placenta?

A

eutheria

50
Q

what would a paleontologist most likely do to determine if a fossil represents a reptile or a mammal?

A

examine the teeth

bio 2 (5 decks)

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