Exam 1 Flashcards
Anteversion
Excessive rotation forward of a structure (femoral anteversion-toes in)
Retroversion
Excessive rotation backward of a structure (femoral retroversion-toes out)
Kyphosis
Increased curving of the spine backward (hunchback)
Lordosis
Increased curving of the spine forward (pregnant back)
Scoliosis
Lateral curvature of the spine
Recurvatum
Bending backward (knee hyperextension)
Valgus
Outward angulation of a bone or joint (knock-knees)
Varus
Inward angulation of a bone or joint (bowlegs)
What axis correlates with the sagittal plane?
Mediolateral axis (elbow flexion)
What axis correlates with the frontal plane?
Anteroposterior axis (arm adduction and abduction)
What axis correlates with the transverse plane?
Longitudinal axis (twisting at hips)
Number of bones in axial skeleton?
80 bones
Number of bones in appendicular skeleton?
126 bones
Total # of bones in body?
206 bones
Types of bones
Long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid
Skeletal functions
Protection, support, movement, mineral storage and hemopoisesis
What is Wolff’s law?
The bone’s adapting to stress
Functional types of joint
Synarthrodial, amphiarthroadial, diarthrodial
Amphiarthrodial joint types.
Symphysis and syndesmosis
Types of diarthrodial Joints (synovial joints)
Gliding, hinge, ball and socket, pivot, condyloid, saddle.
Davis’ Law
The soft tissue’s adapting to stress
What affects total stability and mobility of a joint?
Bones, cartilage, ligaments, muscles and proprioception.
What do ligaments connect?
Bone to bone
What do tendons connect?
Muscle to bone
2 types of muscle fiber arrangements?
Parallel and pennate
Shapes of parallel muscles
Flat (thin and broad-rectus abdominus), fusiform (central belly tapers to two tendons-biceps brachii), strap (long same shape-sartorius), radiate (broad end that tapers to tendon-pec major) and sphincter (circular “endless” strap muscle-orbicular oris)
Arrangement of pennate muscle fibers
Unipennate-run obliquely from a tendon on one side (bicep femoris), Bipennate-runs obliquely from a tendon on both sides (rectus femoris, Multipennate-several tendons with fibers that run between them (deltoid)
