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SOC 134 > exam #1 > Flashcards

exam #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Biological Determinism

A

the idea that social and economic differences between races are the result between inherited differences between people

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2
Q

Phrenology

A

a specific type of physiognomy that links head size/shape with mental ability

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3
Q

Physiognomy

A

a pseudoscience that links physical features w/ psychological and intellectual characteristics

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4
Q

Colonialism

A

a phenomenon that occurs when a foreign power invades a territory and establishes enduring systems of exploitation and domination

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5
Q

Color-blind racism

A

the ideology that explains contemporary racial inequality as the outcome of nonracial dynamics

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6
Q

Covert racism

A

discrimination that is not easy to recognize

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7
Q

Discrimination

A

actions that have a differential and negative impact on members of a subordinate group

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8
Q

Domination

A

political, social, and economic power wielded over subordinate groups

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9
Q

Election fraud

A

there’s illegal interference with voting/elections through illegitimate ballot casting, illegitimate vote count

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10
Q

Ethnicity

A

a shared lifestyle informed by cultural, historical, religious, and/or national affiliations
Five fallacies:

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11
Q

Individualistic fallacy

A

when racism is assumed to belong to the realm of ideas and prejudices

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12
Q

Legalistic fallacy

A

abolishing racist or instituting anti-racist laws effectively eliminates racism

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13
Q

Tokenistic fallacy

A

assumes the presence of POC in influential positions is evidence that racism not longer exists

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14
Q

Ahistorical fallacy

A

assumes that history is inconsequential; that history doesn’t matter

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15
Q

Fixed fallacy

A

assumes that racism is fixed and constant across time and space

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16
Q

Income

A

salaries earned from employment/retirement/governmental aid

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17
Q

Institutional racism

A

the systematic domination of POC embedded and operating in different institutions (universities, political bodies, legal bodies, etc.)

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18
Q

Intergroup conflict theory

A

the idea that prejudice results from group competition over scarce resources

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19
Q

Intergroup contact theory

A

the idea that when there’s interpersonal contact between races it’s an effective way to reduce prejudice between groups

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20
Q

Interpersonal racism

A

racial domination manifested in our dispositions, interactions, and practices

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21
Q

Intersectionality

A

the idea that social categorization (race, class, gender, etc) are interconnected

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22
Q

Master status

A

one of the primary identifier characteristics of an individual within a society

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23
Q

Microaggressions

A

a brief, everyday exchange that send denigrating messages to someone based on his/her group membership

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24
Q

Nationality

A

citizenship or continued residence in a nation

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25
Q

New racism

A

subtle, institutional, and ostensibly race-neutral forms of racism

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26
Q

Overt racism

A

discrimination that is recognizable, the intent is clear, very surface level racism

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27
Q

Phenotype

A

observable, physical, and visible characteristics (the way someone looks)

28
Q

Prejudice

A

a negative attitude/idea/thought about a person based on his/her perceived group membership

29
Q

Privilege

A

lack of disadvantage on the basis of one’s identity

30
Q

Race

A

a symbolic category based on phenotype or ancestry and constructed according to specific social and historical contexts that is often misrecognized as a natural category

31
Q

Social construction

A

a reality that is created by humans through social processes; not rooted in anything objectively real/natural

32
Q

Social institution

A

a complex set of social norms and patterns of social organization that meet the needs of some aspect of society

33
Q

Socialization theory

A

prejudice results from societal norms usually taught at a young age

34
Q

Southern strategy

A

the Republican strategy to bring in white southern votes by appealing to anti-Black racism

35
Q

Stereotype

A

unreliable generalizations about all or most members of a group

36
Q

Wealth

A

owned assets that yield monetary return

37
Q

Whiteness

A

Social structure that influences institutions; makes white customs, norms, and values the foundational customs, norms, and values in the entire country

38
Q

White supremacy

A

an ideology held by some that white people are superior to everyone else, usually to the violent detriment of other groups

39
Q

Difference between Spanish and English colonial conquests:

A

the Spanish wanted to spread Christianity, the British did not. The Spanish supported intermarriage between Spanish colonizers and the indigenous; the British didn’t

40
Q

Plessy v Ferguson

A

separate but equal. the entire basis for racial segregation under Jim Crow

41
Q

Jim Crow

A

a time period in the South roughtly between the 1890s and 1960s when state/local laws and policies enforced racial segregation

42
Q

The Page Law

A

passed in 1875 which explicitly banned Chinese sex workers from entering the U.S.. effectively, it banned all Chinese women because they could say “no” on the suspicion that they were sex workers

43
Q

The Chinese Exclusion Act

A

excluded all immigration of Chinese laboers to the U.S. during the 1880s

44
Q

The GI Bill of Rights

A

large programs that allowed veterans to buy homes. Non-white people excluded from benefits. Opened doors for a mostly white middle class

45
Q

The New Deal

A

a social program of policies dealing with welfare, veteran assistance, minimum wage, workday limitations, etc. POC excluded from benefits by excluding certain jobs

46
Q

Reaganomics

A

a set of policies that argued for less government spending on welfare, social security, and policies for the middle class and impoverished. Allowed money to stay with the top 10% in the hopes it’ll trickle down to the lower classes

47
Q

Mexican and the census

A

In 1940, President Roosevelt altered the U.S. census so the word “Mexican” was removed so most Mexican-Americans would consider themselves white in order to secure better diplomatic relations w/ Mexico

48
Q

Racial disparities in the U.S. versus WI

A

Average racial disparities are larger in Dane County than they are in the state and larger in WI than in the U.S.

49
Q

Voting disenfranchisement historically

A

terrorism, poll taxes, literacy tests, grandfather clauses

50
Q

Voting disenfranchisement today

A

terrorism rare, but still happens. Proof of ID, citizenship, absentee ballot restrictions, early voting restrictions, registration requirements, etc. Primarily affect college students, poor people, and those that live in urban areas/ inner-cities

51
Q

Civil Rights act of 1964

A

ended discriminatory voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, workplaces, and public accoodations

52
Q

Voting Rights Act of 1964

A

outlawed literacy tests, poll taxes, and other discriminatory voting laws. Included a provision that said for states and counties that have historically repressed voters of color (Confederacy) that if they wanted to change anything (such as the time of voting) they have to have federal approval

53
Q

The Sociological Imagination

A

being able to recognize that individual experiences and social context are intertwined; look beyond your personal troubles and view things from a larger

54
Q

Distinction between personal troubles and public issues

A

Personal troubles: areas of social life that individuals are aware of
Affects one individual
Public issues: transcending the local environment of the individual; involves social and historical trends

55
Q

CRT according to Ray and Gibbons

A

the argument that racial discrimination is embedded in the laws, regulations, rules, and procedures of American institutions

56
Q

Racial formation (Omi and Winant)

A

the process by which social, economic, and political forces determining the content and importance of racial categories and how they are given social meanings

57
Q

Symbolic ethnicity (Waters)

A

individualistic in nature; without social cost for the individual

58
Q

White privilege according to McIntosh

A

Describes white privilege by calling it an invisible backpack of special provisions, code books, etc.

59
Q

Microassaults (Sue)

A

conscious and intentional racist acts (swastikas, preventing your son/daughter from dating outside of their race)

60
Q

Microinsults

A

verbal, nonverbal, and environmental communications that subtly convey rudeness and insensitivity that detriment someone’s racial identity

61
Q

Microinvalidations

A

communications that subtly exclude, negate, or nullify the thoughts, feelings, or experiential reality of a POC

62
Q

Racial optimist view (BS)

A

there’ve been positive changes in white people’s attitudes about race since the Civil Rights Era

63
Q

Racial pessoptimist view

A

more balanced view; white people’s attitudes reflect both progress and resistance

64
Q

Symbolic racism view

A

a blend of anti-Black affect and traditional moral values

65
Q

Sense of group position view

A

white prejudice is an ideology that defends white privilege

66
Q

MID (Desmond)

A

mortgage interest deduction. A tax break that overwhelmingly benefits the upper-middle class and wealthy

67
Q

Lost Cause narrative (Smith)

A

southerners fought in the Civil War because of their family, state, and heritage– not because of slavery

SOC 134 (4 decks)

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