exam 1 Flashcards
personal troubles
areas of social life you are directly aware of
public issues
transcend local environment; involve the structures/history of a society
race
a socially constructed human classification system that group people according to various phenotypical characteristics
ethnic/ethnicity
shared lifestyle informed by cultural, historical, religious, and/or national affiliations
nationality
defined by citizenship or continued residence in a nation
Johnson-Reed Act (1924)
barred immigration from Asia, heavily restricted Africa, put quotas in place
social majority
the social group considered to have the most power in a particular place
social minority
any category of people distinguished from the majority group by physical, cultural, or structural differences and that is socially subordinated to the majority group
individualistic fallacy
racism is assumed to belong to the realm of ideas and prejudices
legalistic fallacy
assumes that abolishing racist laws or instituting anti-racist laws effectively eliminates racism (de jure vs. de facto)
tokenistic fallacy
assumes that the presence of POC in influential positions is evidence that racism no longer exists
ahistorical fallacy
assumes history is inconsequential
fixed fallacy
assumes racism is fixed and constant across time and space
stereotype
an unreliable generalization about all members of a group
prejudice
a negative attitude about a person or people based on their perceived group membership
discrimination
actions that have a differential and negative impact on members of a minority group
domination
political, social, and economic power wielded over subordinate groups; as well as the symbolic power to classify one group as “normal” or “abnormal”
institutional racism
the systematic domination of POC embedded and operating in universities, corporations, legal systems, political bodies, etc.
interpersonal racism
racial domination manifest in our individual dispositions, interactions, or practices; at the level of the individual
social institutions
a complex set of social norms and persistent patterns of social organization that meet the needs of some aspects of human society
racial formations
the process by which social, economic, and political forces determine the content and importance of racial categories (Omni and Winant)
biological determinism
the supposition that socioeconomic differences between races are the result of immutable, inherited, and inborn distinctions
physiognomy
a pseudoscience that links physical features w/ psychological and intellectual characteristics; special emphasis on facial features
phrenology
a pseudoscience that says all humans have a set of faculties located in different regions of the brain and whichever region was largest held your dominant faculty
master status
primary feature of one’s identity; expected to be identifiable
colonialism
occurs when a foreign power invades a territory and establishes an enduring system of exploitation and domination over that territory’s indigenous populations
Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)
indentured servants rose up against plantation owners
Virginia Slave Codes of 1705
racial caste system where African Americans were “permanent slaves” and separated from white servants to prevent them from uniting together in the future like they did for Bacon’s Rebellion
chattel slavery
forced laborers treated as property
Virginia Slave Codes of 1662
one drop of Black blood makes you Black; condition of the mother; if your mother was a slave, you will be one too
Susie Gregory Phipps
wanted race on birth certificate changed from Black to white; had 1/32nd Black ancestry
Page Law (1875)
barred most Chinese women from immigrating by labeling them all as sex workers
Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)
no Chinese people could stay/reside in the U.S.
Immigration Acts of 1917 and 1924
Larger portion of Asia banned; all Asians banned
Chinese Massacre of 1871 (Los Angeles)
white mob entered Chinatown and attacked residents; mass lynching
Anti-Chinese Riot of 1880 (Denver)
Chinatown burned to the ground; man beaten to death
Rock Springs Massacre of 1885 (Rock Springs, WY)
Chinese miners paid less than white miners so more Chinese miners were hired angering white workers
intergroup conflict theory
prejudice results from group competition (poor white people more prejudice than affluent whites because they’re in competition w/ POC for resources)
intergroup contact theory
interpersonal contact under the right conditions is the most effective way to reduce prejudice between groups (prejudice based on stereotypes that gain strength or remain strong from lack of interaction)
socialization theory
prejudice results from societal norms, usually taught at a young age
racial optimist view
positive changes in white people’s attitudes about race
racial pessimist view
white people’s racial attitudes reflect both progress and resistance
symbolic racism view
blend of anti-Black feelings and traditional moral values
sense of group position view
white prejudice is an ideology that defends white privilege
new racism
subtle, institutional, and ostensibly race-neutral racism
colorblind racism
ideology that explains contemporary racial inequality as the outcome of nonracial dynamics
