exam 1

Question 1

personal troubles

Answer 1

areas of social life you are directly aware of

Question 2

public issues

Answer 2

transcend local environment; involve the structures/history of a society

Question 3

race

Answer 3

a socially constructed human classification system that group people according to various phenotypical characteristics

Question 4

ethnic/ethnicity

Answer 4

shared lifestyle informed by cultural, historical, religious, and/or national affiliations

Question 5

nationality

Answer 5

defined by citizenship or continued residence in a nation

Question 6

Johnson-Reed Act (1924)

Answer 6

barred immigration from Asia, heavily restricted Africa, put quotas in place

Question 7

social majority

Answer 7

the social group considered to have the most power in a particular place

Question 8

social minority

Answer 8

any category of people distinguished from the majority group by physical, cultural, or structural differences and that is socially subordinated to the majority group

Question 9

individualistic fallacy

Answer 9

racism is assumed to belong to the realm of ideas and prejudices

Question 10

legalistic fallacy

Answer 10

assumes that abolishing racist laws or instituting anti-racist laws effectively eliminates racism (de jure vs. de facto)

Question 11

tokenistic fallacy

Answer 11

assumes that the presence of POC in influential positions is evidence that racism no longer exists

Question 12

ahistorical fallacy

Answer 12

assumes history is inconsequential

Question 13

fixed fallacy

Answer 13

assumes racism is fixed and constant across time and space

Question 14

stereotype

Answer 14

an unreliable generalization about all members of a group

Question 15

prejudice

Answer 15

a negative attitude about a person or people based on their perceived group membership

Question 16

discrimination

Answer 16

actions that have a differential and negative impact on members of a minority group

Question 17

domination

Answer 17

political, social, and economic power wielded over subordinate groups; as well as the symbolic power to classify one group as “normal” or “abnormal”

Question 18

institutional racism

Answer 18

the systematic domination of POC embedded and operating in universities, corporations, legal systems, political bodies, etc.

Question 19

interpersonal racism

Answer 19

racial domination manifest in our individual dispositions, interactions, or practices; at the level of the individual

Question 20

social institutions

Answer 20

a complex set of social norms and persistent patterns of social organization that meet the needs of some aspects of human society

Question 21

racial formations

Answer 21

the process by which social, economic, and political forces determine the content and importance of racial categories (Omni and Winant)

Question 22

biological determinism

Answer 22

the supposition that socioeconomic differences between races are the result of immutable, inherited, and inborn distinctions

Question 23

physiognomy

Answer 23

a pseudoscience that links physical features w/ psychological and intellectual characteristics; special emphasis on facial features

Question 24

phrenology

Answer 24

a pseudoscience that says all humans have a set of faculties located in different regions of the brain and whichever region was largest held your dominant faculty

Question 25

master status

Answer 25

primary feature of one’s identity; expected to be identifiable

Question 26

colonialism

Answer 26

occurs when a foreign power invades a territory and establishes an enduring system of exploitation and domination over that territory’s indigenous populations

Question 27

Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)

Answer 27

indentured servants rose up against plantation owners

Question 28

Virginia Slave Codes of 1705

Answer 28

racial caste system where African Americans were “permanent slaves” and separated from white servants to prevent them from uniting together in the future like they did for Bacon’s Rebellion

Question 29

chattel slavery

Answer 29

forced laborers treated as property

Question 30

Virginia Slave Codes of 1662

Answer 30

one drop of Black blood makes you Black; condition of the mother; if your mother was a slave, you will be one too

Question 31

Susie Gregory Phipps

Answer 31

wanted race on birth certificate changed from Black to white; had 1/32nd Black ancestry

Question 32

Page Law (1875)

Answer 32

barred most Chinese women from immigrating by labeling them all as sex workers

Question 33

Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)

Answer 33

no Chinese people could stay/reside in the U.S.

Question 34

Immigration Acts of 1917 and 1924

Answer 34

Larger portion of Asia banned; all Asians banned

Question 35

Chinese Massacre of 1871 (Los Angeles)

Answer 35

white mob entered Chinatown and attacked residents; mass lynching

Question 36

Anti-Chinese Riot of 1880 (Denver)

Answer 36

Chinatown burned to the ground; man beaten to death

Question 37

Rock Springs Massacre of 1885 (Rock Springs, WY)

Answer 37

Chinese miners paid less than white miners so more Chinese miners were hired angering white workers

Question 38

intergroup conflict theory

Answer 38

prejudice results from group competition (poor white people more prejudice than affluent whites because they’re in competition w/ POC for resources)

Question 39

intergroup contact theory

Answer 39

interpersonal contact under the right conditions is the most effective way to reduce prejudice between groups (prejudice based on stereotypes that gain strength or remain strong from lack of interaction)

Question 40

socialization theory

Answer 40

prejudice results from societal norms, usually taught at a young age

Question 41

racial optimist view

Answer 41

positive changes in white people’s attitudes about race

Question 42

racial pessimist view

Answer 42

white people’s racial attitudes reflect both progress and resistance

Question 43

symbolic racism view

Answer 43

blend of anti-Black feelings and traditional moral values

Question 44

sense of group position view

Answer 44

white prejudice is an ideology that defends white privilege

Question 45

new racism

Answer 45

subtle, institutional, and ostensibly race-neutral racism

Question 46

colorblind racism

Answer 46

ideology that explains contemporary racial inequality as the outcome of nonracial dynamics