Exam 1 Flashcards
Electrical conductoin of the nerve transmission was first studied by Luigi Galbani în the lat 16th century, but it wasnt until th 19th century that Hermann con Helmholtz discovered something revolutionary to the science of the day în his experiments on frog legs. What was it?
His measurement of the speed of nerve impulses showed them to be very slow compared to electrical transmission outside the body.
Localization theory diminished in popularity when Karl Lashley came on the scene in 1929. What brain science did he propose?
The theory of Equipotentiality which suggests that the brain is an undifferentiated mass
Rene Descartes was one of the first philosophers to bring a ,imd/body model to psychology inthe late 17th century. He called the Hydraulic Model: a theory about how nerves communicate. Which of the following statements does not explain his model
He considered the hippocampus to be the “seat of the soul”.
Karl Lashley (1929) was well-known for his Theory of Equipotentiality which did not include which one of the following beliefs.
The localizations of the brain are highly specialized and relatively fixed.
There are 2 forces at work to balance ion across a cell membrane. Name the force that moves ions from the side of the membrane where they are most concentrated to the side where they are least concentrated. They move by virtue of their cellular weight and concentration in a medium
diffusion gradient
What happens immediately after an action potential has passed through the neuron?
There is a refractory period, called the absolute refractory period, during which additional firing cannot take place.
Neuroscientists define emotions, thoughts, memories and overt acts as one of these things:
Behaviors
Which of the following is a collection of fibers that connects the two brain hemispheres?
corpus callosum
Behaviors that are necessary to sustain life are most likely to be performed by structures in which portion of the brain?
Hindbrain
The most sensitive way to determine whether a particular gene produces a particular behavior would be to
use genetic engineering to manipulate the gene and note the behavior change.
A theory…
generates further research
Which one of the following make up the central nervous system?
the brain and spinal cord
When the police have a drunk-driving suspect walk a straight line and touch his nose with his finger, they are assessing the effect of alcohol on the…?
cerebellum
In the circuit formation stage of nervous system development,
axons grow to their targets and form connections
A person with damage to the inferior temporal cortex would most likely be unable to
recognize familiar objects visually
A particular behavior is typically controlled by
a network of structures
Which of the following layers is not part of the meninges?
dunna mater
The brain stem is critical for
automatic behaviors necessary for survival
This part of the brain provides precise timing and appropriate patterns of skeletal muscle contraction for smooth, coordinated movements and agility.
The cerebellum
Groups of cell bodies in the CNS are called
Nuclei
Cardiosvascular activity and respiration are controlled by the
Medulla
Damage would be most devastating to humans if it destroyed the
Medulla
Because the speech center is usually located in the left hemisphere of the brain, a person with the corpus callosum severed is unable to describe stimuli that are
seen in the left visual field
if a peripheral nerve were transplanted into a severed spinal cord, it would
fail to grow across the gap
If the ventral root of a spinal nerve is severed, the person will experience
loss of motor control of a part of the body
Motor neurons in the spinal cord receive input from the
brain and transmit to internal organs and muscles
What does the autonomic nervous system regulate?
general activity levels in the body and controls smooth muscles and organs
What is the Human Genetic Code?
A map of the location of genes on chromosomes.
If one parent is heterozygous for brown hair and the other is homozygous recessive for white hair, what color hair will their offspring have. Let H = brown hair ; Let h= white hair.
50% Hh and 50% hh
Without the sodium-potassium pump, the neuron would be
overfilled with sodium ions and unable to fire.
in its resting state, the inside of the neuron is relatively poor in ____________ions and rich in ________ions.
sodium, potassium
The presence of synapses in a neuron chain provides the opportunity for
modification of neural activity
An inhibitory neurotransmitter causes the inside of the post-synaptic neuron to become
more negative
Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (ESP) are typically produced by the movement of _______ions, whereas inhibitory postsynaptic potentials are typically produced by movement of _________ions.
sodium; potassium or chloride
Which of the following statements is true about the synaptic cleft or synapse?
This is the tiny space between neurons where the signal transmission changes from being electrical to chemical.
The resting potential refers to a difference in ion charge between the inside and the outside of the neuronal double layer membrane. Which of the following statements are true when the membrane is at rest?
The inside of the nerve cell has more negative ions than positive ions.
