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Gero > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the fastest growing older adult age group?

A

85+

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2
Q

How much of the population will 65+ make up in 2030 projected?

A

20%, 1 in every 5

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3
Q

How much of the population will 65+ make up by 2035?

A

more adults than children, flat growth 25 and younger

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4
Q

How much of adults 65+ suffer from at least one chronic illness?

A

3/4

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5
Q

What demographic experiences the highest poverty rate?

A

older hispanic women that live alone

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6
Q

What is a nonagenarian?

A

90+ y/o

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7
Q

What is a centarian?

A

100+

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8
Q

What is programmed aging?

A

cells designed to age

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9
Q

What is the wear and tear theory?

A

cells “wear out” or become damaged

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10
Q

What is the cross-linkage theory?

A

damage from errors with cross-linked
proteins

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11
Q

What is continuity theory?

A

cont. roles, responsibilities, & activities for
successful aging

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12
Q

what are the needs of Maslow’s triangle (in order from bottom to top)?

A

physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization

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13
Q

What is hyposmia?

A

decrease in smell acuity

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14
Q

What are dehydration symptoms?

A

orthostatic hypotension, weight loss, tachycardia,
hyperthermia, weakness, nausea, anorexia, oliguria, dry mucus membranes
& skin, poor skin turgor, increased thirst

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15
Q

Volume overload symptoms?

A

weight gain >2%, I>O, bounding pulse,
tachycardia, increased BP & CVP, distended neck/peripheral veins, crackles,
dyspnea, SOB, confusion

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16
Q

Hyponatremia symptoms?

A

hypotension,
tachycardia, hyperthermia, nausea, malaise, lethargy, somnolence,
confusion, poor skin turgor, increased thirst, muscle twitching, abdominal
cramps, headache, seizure, coma, elevated BUN & Hct

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17
Q

Hypernatremia symptoms?

A

orthostatic
hypotension; increased thirst; poor skin turgor; dry mucus membranes;
weight loss; oliguria; lethargy; hyperthermia; elevated BUN, Hct, creatinine

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18
Q

Hyperkalemia symptoms?

A

diarrhea, cardiac dysrhythmias/arrest, ECG abnormalities, irritability, apathy, confusion, muscle weakness, areflexia, paresthesias

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19
Q

What are age affects on absorption?

A

decreased:
* Surface for absorption
* Blood flow to SPLEEN
* GI activity

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20
Q

What are age affects on distribution?

A

Decreased:
* Cardiac Output
* Total body water
* LEAN body mass
* Serum albumin
* Protein binding

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21
Q

What are age affects on metabolism?

A

Decreased:
* Hepatic mass
* Hepatic blood flow
* Enzyme activity
* Enzyme inductability

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22
Q

What are age affects on excretion?

A

Decreased:
* Renal blood flow
* GFR
* Tubular secretory function
* Kidney size
TOXICITY

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23
Q

Characteristics of SSRIs?

A
  • First line
  • Work well in older
  • Small doses effective
  • Often have sexual side effects
  • Switch to SNRIs
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24
Q

Characteristics of SNRIs?

A
  • Second line
  • Less sexual side effects
  • Bupropion (Wellbutrin)
  • Reduces nicotine dependency as well
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25
What are characteristics of benzos?
* End in “am” * Highly effective * Fast onset but long half life * Side effects * Toxicity
26
What are characteristics of buspirone?
taken daily, no affect until 1 week
27
What is echinacea?
cold and flu therapy (herbal)
28
What is garlic used for?
To prevent stroke and arteriosclerosis
29
What is gingko bilboa used for?
* Used to improve memory * There is no evidence showing it improves memory
30
What is Ginseng used for?
Reduce stress, lower LDL, lower glucose, immune stimulant, erectile dysfunction
31
What is glucosamine sulfate used for?
* Reduce joint pain * Improve function of knees with OA
32
What is red yeast rice used for?
Used to lower LDL
33
What is St. John's Wart used for?
treat depression
34
When should the 3 G herbs be stopped before operation?
2 weeks
35
When should St john's be stopped before operation?
5 days
36
What are examples of MS pain?
* Arthritis * Degenerative spinal conditions
37
What are examples of neuropathic pain?
* Diabetes * Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) * Herpes zoster * Stroke
38
What is the OLD CART pain scale?
Onset Location Duration Characteristics Aggravating factors Relieving factors Treatments Severity
39
What is the SPICES assessment acronym?
Sleep disorders Problems with eating/feeding Incontinence Confusion Evidence of falls Skin breakdown
40
What is a normal CDT score?
1 or 2
41
What CDT score represents a cognitive deficit?
equal to or greater than 3
42
What does the Katz assessment determine?
tasks of self-care ( dressing, toileting)
43
What does the Lawton assessment determine?
instrumental activities of daily living (neeeded to maintain home i.e. shopping, phone ability)
44
What assessment screens for cognitive and motor function/ rules out dementia?
mini mental state examination
45
What is the test to screen for dementia?
clock drawing test (CDT)
46
What does untreated depression lead to?
more functionally impaired, prolonged hospitalizations, decreased QOL, increased morbidity
47
What are tools to assess mood in gero?
* Geriatric Depression Scale * Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale * Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia
48
What is the scale used for fall risk?
Hendrick II
49
What is the scale used for balance and gait risk?
Tinetti balance and gait
50
Does the absence of fever rule out an infection?
NO
51
What is a high fever in an older adult?
greater than or equal to 100.9 degrees (lower baseline temp than younger adults)
52
What is programmed aging?
that the age at which cells die in any one person is predetermined and inevitable.
53
What is error theory aging?
propose that the changes at the cellular level are random and unpredictable.
54
What is a free radical?
Damage to DNA, protein cross-linking and other changes have been attributed to free radicals. Over time, this damage accumulates and causes us to experience aging.
55
What is the autoimmune theory?
suggests that aging is a result of an accumulation of damage as a result of changes in the activities and function of the immune system, or immunosenescence.
56
What is generativity?
Establishes oneself and contributes to society in meaningful ways
57
What is stagnation?
Self is restricted to identification with one's major role (e.g., nurse)
58
What is Ego Integrity vs.?
Attaining a sense of completeness and cohesion of the self
59
What is despair?
A sense that one's self no longer has purpose in life, physically or mentally
60
What is ego differentiation?
Begins to define self as separate from work role
61
What is despair?
A sense that one's no longer has purpose in life, physically or mentally
62
What is work role preoccupation?
Inability to identi fy as someone outside of a work role
63
What is body transcendence and ego transcendence?
Body changes accepted as part of life Sees oneself as part of a greater whole
64
What is body preoccupation and ego preoccupation?
Body changes as a source of focus Sees oneself as an individual needing
65
What are Erikson's theories?
Generativity v. Stagnation (midlife) and Ego integrity v. Despair
66
What are Peck's theories?
Ego differentiation v. Work role preoccupation and Body transcendence and ego transcendence v. Body preoccupation and ego preoccupation
67
What are activities of daily living?
Bathing * Dressing * Toileting * Transferring * Continence * Feeding/eating
68
What are instrumental activities of daily living?
Ability to use telephone * Abilities related to travel * Shopping * Self-medication administration * Food preparation * Handling finances * Housekeeping * Laundry
69
What is presbycardia?
indicates that age has altered the ability of the heart to meet its burdens even though there is not significant structural damage'.
70
What are side effects of antipychotics?
sedation, hypotension, anticholinergic affects, EPS
71
What is a precaution for antipsychotics?
Watch for malignant syndrome, watch for high fever
72
What is emerging majority?
statistically minorities becoming the majorit
73
What is health disparity?
differences in the state of health and in health outcomes between groups of persons (men vs. women) – differences in the health outcome based off the group you are in
74
What is health inequity?
excess burden of illness - differences between the expected incidence or the prevalence of illness, (expected to happen 5 times but is happening 10 times) one group is experiencing something more often than the whole that wasn’t expected, prevalence in one group is higher than all (high prevalence)
75
What happens to RBC production with aging?
decreased
76
What happens to ESR with aging?
increased
77
What happens with vitamin d with aging?
decrease
78
What happens to sodium with aging?
decreased (decreased intake, h2o, altered ADH)
79
What happens to albumin with aging?
decreased
80
what are the most common rx meds in older adults?
CV, diuretics, nonopioid analgesics, anticoagulants, antiepileptics
81
What are the most common OTC meds in older adults?
GI, analgesics, cough products, eye washes, vitamins
82
What are non-verbal expressions of pain?
-behavior change -changes in ADLs -vocalizations -physical changes
83
What opioid is contraindicated in older adults?
Demerol (meperidine)
84
What is the mini-cog exam?
-screens for MCI and dementia -combo of MMSE and CDT -short-term memory and executive function -must hear, hold pencil, and write numbers
85
What is hypothermia?
-core temp <95 -goal >97 -first sign may be confusion and disorientation
86
What are s/sx of heat stroke?
-temp quickly rises to >104 -flushed, hot, and dry -tachy, MS change, hypotension, hyperventilation -cellular and organ damage

Gero (5 decks)

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