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Gero > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the fastest growing older adult age group?

A

85+

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2
Q

How much of the population will 65+ make up in 2030 projected?

A

20%, 1 in every 5

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3
Q

How much of the population will 65+ make up by 2035?

A

more adults than children, flat growth 25 and younger

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4
Q

How much of adults 65+ suffer from at least one chronic illness?

A

3/4

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5
Q

What demographic experiences the highest poverty rate?

A

older hispanic women that live alone

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6
Q

What is a nonagenarian?

A

90+ y/o

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7
Q

What is a centarian?

A

100+

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8
Q

What is programmed aging?

A

cells designed to age

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9
Q

What is the wear and tear theory?

A

cells “wear out” or become damaged

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10
Q

What is the cross-linkage theory?

A

damage from errors with cross-linked
proteins

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11
Q

What is continuity theory?

A

cont. roles, responsibilities, & activities for
successful aging

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12
Q

what are the needs of Maslow’s triangle (in order from bottom to top)?

A

physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization

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13
Q

What is hyposmia?

A

decrease in smell acuity

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14
Q

What are dehydration symptoms?

A

orthostatic hypotension, weight loss, tachycardia,
hyperthermia, weakness, nausea, anorexia, oliguria, dry mucus membranes
& skin, poor skin turgor, increased thirst

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15
Q

Volume overload symptoms?

A

weight gain >2%, I>O, bounding pulse,
tachycardia, increased BP & CVP, distended neck/peripheral veins, crackles,
dyspnea, SOB, confusion

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16
Q

Hyponatremia symptoms?

A

hypotension,
tachycardia, hyperthermia, nausea, malaise, lethargy, somnolence,
confusion, poor skin turgor, increased thirst, muscle twitching, abdominal
cramps, headache, seizure, coma, elevated BUN & Hct

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17
Q

Hypernatremia symptoms?

A

orthostatic
hypotension; increased thirst; poor skin turgor; dry mucus membranes;
weight loss; oliguria; lethargy; hyperthermia; elevated BUN, Hct, creatinine

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18
Q

Hyperkalemia symptoms?

A

diarrhea, cardiac dysrhythmias/arrest, ECG abnormalities, irritability, apathy, confusion, muscle weakness, areflexia, paresthesias

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19
Q

What are age affects on absorption?

A

decreased:
* Surface for absorption
* Blood flow to SPLEEN
* GI activity

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20
Q

What are age affects on distribution?

A

Decreased:
* Cardiac Output
* Total body water
* LEAN body mass
* Serum albumin
* Protein binding

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21
Q

What are age affects on metabolism?

A

Decreased:
* Hepatic mass
* Hepatic blood flow
* Enzyme activity
* Enzyme inductability

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22
Q

What are age affects on excretion?

A

Decreased:
* Renal blood flow
* GFR
* Tubular secretory function
* Kidney size
TOXICITY

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23
Q

Characteristics of SSRIs?

A
  • First line
  • Work well in older
  • Small doses effective
  • Often have sexual side effects
  • Switch to SNRIs
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24
Q

Characteristics of SNRIs?

A
  • Second line
  • Less sexual side effects
  • Bupropion (Wellbutrin)
  • Reduces nicotine dependency as well
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25
Q

What are characteristics of benzos?

A
  • End in “am”
  • Highly effective
  • Fast onset but long half life
  • Side effects
  • Toxicity
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26
Q

What are characteristics of buspirone?

A

taken daily, no affect until 1 week

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27
Q

What is echinacea?

A

cold and flu therapy (herbal)

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28
Q

What is garlic used for?

A

To prevent stroke and
arteriosclerosis

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29
Q

What is gingko bilboa used for?

A
  • Used to improve memory
  • There is no evidence showing it
    improves memory
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30
Q

What is Ginseng used for?

A

Reduce stress, lower LDL, lower
glucose, immune stimulant,
erectile dysfunction

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31
Q

What is glucosamine sulfate used for?

A
  • Reduce joint pain
  • Improve function of knees with OA
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32
Q

What is red yeast rice used for?

A

Used to lower LDL

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33
Q

What is St. John’s Wart used for?

A

treat depression

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34
Q

When should the 3 G herbs be stopped before operation?

A

2 weeks

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35
Q

When should St john’s be stopped before operation?

A

5 days

36
Q

What are examples of MS pain?

A
  • Arthritis
  • Degenerative spinal
    conditions
37
Q

What are examples of neuropathic pain?

A
  • Diabetes
  • Peripheral vascular disease
    (PVD)
  • Herpes zoster
  • Stroke
38
Q

What is the OLD CART pain scale?

A

Onset
Location
Duration

Characteristics
Aggravating factors
Relieving factors
Treatments
Severity

39
Q

What is the SPICES assessment acronym?

A

Sleep disorders
Problems with eating/feeding
Incontinence
Confusion
Evidence of falls
Skin breakdown

40
Q

What is a normal CDT score?

A

1 or 2

41
Q

What CDT score represents a cognitive deficit?

A

equal to or greater than 3

42
Q

What does the Katz assessment determine?

A

tasks of self-care ( dressing, toileting)

43
Q

What does the Lawton assessment determine?

A

instrumental activities of daily living (neeeded to maintain home i.e. shopping, phone ability)

44
Q

What assessment screens for cognitive and motor function/ rules out dementia?

A

mini mental state examination

45
Q

What is the test to screen for dementia?

A

clock drawing test (CDT)

46
Q

What does untreated depression lead to?

A

more functionally
impaired, prolonged hospitalizations,
decreased QOL, increased morbidity

47
Q

What are tools to assess mood in gero?

A
  • Geriatric Depression Scale
  • Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression
    Scale
  • Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia
48
Q

What is the scale used for fall risk?

A

Hendrick II

49
Q

What is the scale used for balance and gait risk?

A

Tinetti balance and gait

50
Q

Does the absence of fever rule out an infection?

A

NO

51
Q

What is a high fever in an older adult?

A

greater than or equal to 100.9 degrees (lower baseline temp than younger adults)

52
Q

What is programmed aging?

A

that the age at which cells die in any one person is predetermined and inevitable.

53
Q

What is error theory aging?

A

propose that the changes at the cellular level are random and unpredictable.

54
Q

What is a free radical?

A

Damage to DNA, protein cross-linking and other changes have been attributed to free radicals. Over time, this damage accumulates and causes us to experience aging.

55
Q

What is the autoimmune theory?

A

suggests that aging is a result of an accumulation of damage as a result of changes in the activities and function of the immune system, or immunosenescence.

56
Q

What is generativity?

A

Establishes oneself and contributes to society in meaningful ways

57
Q

What is stagnation?

A

Self is restricted to identification with one’s major role (e.g., nurse)

58
Q

What is Ego Integrity vs.?

A

Attaining a sense of completeness and cohesion of the self

59
Q

What is despair?

A

A sense that one’s self no longer has purpose in life, physically or mentally

60
Q

What is ego differentiation?

A

Begins to define self as separate from work role

61
Q

What is despair?

A

A sense that one’s no longer has purpose in life, physically or mentally

62
Q

What is work role preoccupation?

A

Inability to identi fy as someone outside of a work role

63
Q

What is body transcendence and ego transcendence?

A

Body changes accepted as part of life Sees oneself as part of a greater whole

64
Q

What is body preoccupation and ego preoccupation?

A

Body changes as a source of focus Sees oneself as an individual needing

65
Q

What are Erikson’s theories?

A

Generativity
v. Stagnation (midlife)
and
Ego integrity
v. Despair

66
Q

What are Peck’s theories?

A

Ego differentiation
v. Work role preoccupation
and
Body transcendence and ego
transcendence
v. Body preoccupation and
ego preoccupation

67
Q

What are activities of daily living?

A

Bathing * Dressing * Toileting
* Transferring
* Continence
* Feeding/eating

68
Q

What are instrumental activities of daily living?

A

Ability to use telephone
* Abilities related to travel * Shopping
* Self-medication administration
* Food preparation * Handling finances * Housekeeping
* Laundry

69
Q

What is presbycardia?

A

indicates that age has altered the ability of the heart to meet its burdens even though there is not significant structural damage’.

70
Q

What are side effects of antipychotics?

A

sedation, hypotension, anticholinergic affects, EPS

71
Q

What is a precaution for antipsychotics?

A

Watch for malignant syndrome, watch for high fever

72
Q

What is emerging majority?

A

statistically minorities becoming the majorit

73
Q

What is health disparity?

A

differences in the state of health and in health outcomes between groups of persons (men vs. women) – differences in the health outcome based off the group you are in

74
Q

What is health inequity?

A

excess burden of illness - differences between the expected incidence or the prevalence of illness, (expected to happen 5 times but is happening 10 times) one group is experiencing something more often than the whole that wasn’t expected, prevalence in one group is higher than all (high prevalence)

75
Q

What happens to RBC production with aging?

A

decreased

76
Q

What happens to ESR with aging?

A

increased

77
Q

What happens with vitamin d with aging?

A

decrease

78
Q

What happens to sodium with aging?

A

decreased (decreased intake, h2o, altered ADH)

79
Q

What happens to albumin with aging?

A

decreased

80
Q

what are the most common rx meds in older adults?

A

CV, diuretics, nonopioid analgesics, anticoagulants, antiepileptics

81
Q

What are the most common OTC meds in older adults?

A

GI, analgesics, cough products, eye washes, vitamins

82
Q

What are non-verbal expressions of pain?

A

-behavior change
-changes in ADLs
-vocalizations
-physical changes

83
Q

What opioid is contraindicated in older adults?

A

Demerol (meperidine)

84
Q

What is the mini-cog exam?

A

-screens for MCI and dementia
-combo of MMSE and CDT
-short-term memory and executive function
-must hear, hold pencil, and write numbers

85
Q

What is hypothermia?

A

-core temp <95
-goal >97
-first sign may be confusion and disorientation

86
Q

What are s/sx of heat stroke?

A

-temp quickly rises to >104
-flushed, hot, and dry
-tachy, MS change, hypotension, hyperventilation
-cellular and organ damage

Gero (5 decks)

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