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Biology 1020- Diversity of Life > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Evolution

A

A genetically based change in a line of descent over time

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2
Q

Micro Evolution

A

Small changes over time

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3
Q

Macro Evolution

A

Major changes over time

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4
Q

Convergent Evolution

A

When superficially similar traits evolve independently in different species

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5
Q

Co-evolution

A

When an adaptation in one species leads to adaptation in another with which it interacts

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6
Q

Cultural Evolution

A

A learned behavior that’s passed from parent to offspring

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7
Q

Fossils

A

Remains of organisms that no longer exist

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8
Q

Soil Stratification

A

Formation of distinct layers in rocks

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9
Q

Homologous Structures

A

Structures with similar internal anatomy yet different functions

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10
Q

Analogous Structures

A

Structures with different anatomy yet similar functions

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11
Q

Vestigial Structures

A

Structures with no apparent purpose

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12
Q

Gradualistic Model

A

Speciation occurs after species become isolated with each group slowly continuing on its own evolutionary pathway

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13
Q

Punctuated Equilibrium Model

A

Periods of equilibrium are punctuated by speciation

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14
Q

Inheritance

A

What links individuals within a species together

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15
Q

Population Genetics

A

Deals with the frequency, distribution, and inheritance of alleles in a population

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16
Q

Gene Pool

A

The total of all alleles for that gene in a population

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17
Q

Total Gene Pool

A

The total of all alleles for all genes in a population

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18
Q

Allele Frequency

A

The relative proportion of different alleles

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19
Q

Fitness

A

A measure of an organism’s reproductive success

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20
Q

Equilibrium Population

A

Population in which allele frequency and distribution of genotypes remain constant from one generation to the next

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21
Q

Migration

A

The flow of genes between populations

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22
Q

Genetic Drift

A

Changes in allele frequency of a small population by chance

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23
Q

Population Bottleneck

A

When a population undergoes a drastic reduction in size leaving few organisms to contribute genes to future generations

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24
Q

Founder Effect

A

Occurs in isolated populations founded by few individuals

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25
Q

Harem Mating

A

One male with several females

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26
Q

Assortative Selection

A

Choosing mates with similar traits to themselves

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27
Q

Sexual Selection

A

The selecting is done by the females and the males display their virtue

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28
Q

Directional Selection

A

Selects for one extreme against the average and the other extreme

29
Q

Stabilizing Selection

A

Selects the average against the extremes

30
Q

Disruptive Selection

A

Selects for both extremes against the average

31
Q

Balanced Polymorphism

A

When two or more alleles are maintained in a population because each is favored by a distinct selective force

32
Q

Micron

A

A unit of length equal to one millionth of a meter

33
Q

Capsules

A

Help certain bacteria escape detection by our immune system

34
Q

Slime Layers

A

Help the bacteria adhere to surface

35
Q

Pili

A

A fuzz that helps bacteria attach to surface

36
Q

Flagella

A

Long, whiplike extension of the plasma membrane

37
Q

Magnetotactic Bacteria

A

Causes bacteria to align with the Earth’s magnetic fields

38
Q

Spores

A

Provide a mechanism for travel and protect the bacteria in bad environments

39
Q

Bacterial Fission

A

Asexual reproduction; produces an identical copy of the bacteria

40
Q

Bacterial Conjugation

A

Sexual reproduction; transfers genetic material through a tube

41
Q

Pathogen

A

Causes disease or disease-like symptoms

42
Q

Epidemic

A

A disease that is out of control in a population at a certain time

43
Q

Kinetoplastids

A

Flagellated protozoans; parasitize animal groups

44
Q

Parabasalids

A

Flagellated protozoans; symbiotic animal groups

45
Q

Ameoboid

A

Amoebas

46
Q

Rhizopods

A

Naked amoebas and foraminifera that have calcified exoskeletons

47
Q

Actinopods

A

Have “ray feet”

48
Q

Ciliates

A

Ciliophora; free-swimming

49
Q

Sporozoans

A

Parasitic

50
Q

Dinoflagellates

A

Marine phytoplankton

51
Q

Oomycetes

A

Water molds, mildews

52
Q

Crysophyta

A

Free-living algae; golden algae, yellow algae, diatoms

53
Q

Phaetophyta

A

Brown algae

54
Q

Chlorophyta

A

Green algae

55
Q

Rhodophyta

A

Red algae

56
Q

Mycelium

A

The fungal body itself that is made up of a hyphae network

57
Q

Hyphae

A

The branching fungal network that makes up the fungus

58
Q

Fungal Sexual Reproduction

A

The mushroom releases spores

59
Q

Fungal Asexual Reproduction

A

When the mycelial network is broken apart, each piece becomes a new separate fungal body

60
Q

Lichen

A

A symbiotic relationship between a fungus and a blue-green algae or cyanobacteria

61
Q

Mycorrhizae

A

A symbiotic relationship between a fungus and the roots of certain plants

62
Q

Types of Lichen:

A

Foliose, Fruticose, Crustose

63
Q

Ascomycota

A

Sac Fungi

64
Q

Sac Fungi

A

Produce a sack-like case known as an ascus during reproduction

65
Q

Basidiomycota

A

Club Fungi

66
Q

Deuteromycota

A

The imperfect fungi, very diverse; ringworm and penicillin

67
Q

Tracheophytes

A

Vascular plants that have roots and shoots

68
Q

Bryophytes

A

Mosses and liverworts

69
Q

Alternation of Generation

A

When the multicellular haploid form alternates with the multicellular diploid form throughout the plant’s lifecycle

Biology 1020- Diversity of Life (4 decks)

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