Exam 1 Flashcards by Emma Baker

Evolution

A genetically based change in a line of descent over time

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Micro Evolution

Small changes over time

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Macro Evolution

Major changes over time

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Convergent Evolution

When superficially similar traits evolve independently in different species

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Co-evolution

When an adaptation in one species leads to adaptation in another with which it interacts

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cultural Evolution

A learned behavior that’s passed from parent to offspring

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fossils

Remains of organisms that no longer exist

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Soil Stratification

Formation of distinct layers in rocks

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Homologous Structures

Structures with similar internal anatomy yet different functions

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Analogous Structures

Structures with different anatomy yet similar functions

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Vestigial Structures

Structures with no apparent purpose

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Gradualistic Model

Speciation occurs after species become isolated with each group slowly continuing on its own evolutionary pathway

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Punctuated Equilibrium Model

Periods of equilibrium are punctuated by speciation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Inheritance

What links individuals within a species together

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Population Genetics

Deals with the frequency, distribution, and inheritance of alleles in a population

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Gene Pool

The total of all alleles for that gene in a population

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Total Gene Pool

The total of all alleles for all genes in a population

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Allele Frequency

The relative proportion of different alleles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fitness

A measure of an organism’s reproductive success

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Equilibrium Population

Population in which allele frequency and distribution of genotypes remain constant from one generation to the next

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Migration

The flow of genes between populations

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Genetic Drift

Changes in allele frequency of a small population by chance

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Population Bottleneck

When a population undergoes a drastic reduction in size leaving few organisms to contribute genes to future generations

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Founder Effect

Occurs in isolated populations founded by few individuals

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Harem Mating

One male with several females

Assortative Selection

Choosing mates with similar traits to themselves

Sexual Selection

The selecting is done by the females and the males display their virtue

Directional Selection

Selects for one extreme against the average and the other extreme

Stabilizing Selection

Selects the average against the extremes

Disruptive Selection

Selects for both extremes against the average

Balanced Polymorphism

When two or more alleles are maintained in a population because each is favored by a distinct selective force

Micron

A unit of length equal to one millionth of a meter

Capsules

Help certain bacteria escape detection by our immune system

Slime Layers

Help the bacteria adhere to surface

Pili

A fuzz that helps bacteria attach to surface

Flagella

Long, whiplike extension of the plasma membrane

Magnetotactic Bacteria

Causes bacteria to align with the Earth's magnetic fields

Spores

Provide a mechanism for travel and protect the bacteria in bad environments

Bacterial Fission

Asexual reproduction; produces an identical copy of the bacteria

Bacterial Conjugation

Sexual reproduction; transfers genetic material through a tube

Pathogen

Causes disease or disease-like symptoms

Epidemic

A disease that is out of control in a population at a certain time

Kinetoplastids

Flagellated protozoans; parasitize animal groups

Parabasalids

Flagellated protozoans; symbiotic animal groups

Ameoboid

Amoebas

Rhizopods

Naked amoebas and foraminifera that have calcified exoskeletons

Actinopods

Have "ray feet"

Ciliates

Ciliophora; free-swimming

Sporozoans

Parasitic

Dinoflagellates

Marine phytoplankton

Oomycetes

Water molds, mildews

Crysophyta

Free-living algae; golden algae, yellow algae, diatoms

Phaetophyta

Brown algae

Chlorophyta

Green algae

Rhodophyta

Red algae

Mycelium

The fungal body itself that is made up of a hyphae network

Hyphae

The branching fungal network that makes up the fungus

Fungal Sexual Reproduction

The mushroom releases spores

Fungal Asexual Reproduction

When the mycelial network is broken apart, each piece becomes a new separate fungal body

Lichen

A symbiotic relationship between a fungus and a blue-green algae or cyanobacteria

Mycorrhizae

A symbiotic relationship between a fungus and the roots of certain plants

Types of Lichen:

Foliose, Fruticose, Crustose

Ascomycota

Sac Fungi

Produce a sack-like case known as an ascus during reproduction

Basidiomycota

Club Fungi

Deuteromycota

The imperfect fungi, very diverse; ringworm and penicillin

Tracheophytes

Vascular plants that have roots and shoots

Bryophytes

Mosses and liverworts

Alternation of Generation

When the multicellular haploid form alternates with the multicellular diploid form throughout the plant's lifecycle