Exam 1 Flashcards
Weak interactions between non polar molecules that are close
Van der waals forces
Accepts H+
Bases
Donates H+
Acid
Acts as both acid and base
Water
Mix of weak acid and it’s conjugate base (vice versa)
Buffer
Measure of H+
pH
pH formula
-log[H+]
Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)
Strong Acid; fully dissociates to make H+ and Cl- in water
Carbonic Acid (H2CO3)
Weak Acid; partially dissociates in water to form H+ and HCO3-
Nitric Acid
Strong Acid; fully dissociates to make H+ and NO3-
Acetic Acid
Weak Acid; partially dissociates to make H+ and CH3COO-
Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4)
Weak acid; partially dissociates into H+ ions and H2PO4-, HPO4(2-), and PO4(3-)
Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4)
Strong Acid; Fully dissociates to form HSO4- and H+
Ammonia (NH3)
Weak base; partially dissociates in water to form NH4+ and OH-
Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)
Strong base; fully dissociates to form Na+ and OH-
Potassium Hydroxide (KOH)
Strong base; fully dissociates to form K+ and OH-
Methyl Amine (CH3NH2)
Weak base; partially dissociates in water to form CH3NH3+ and OH-
Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCL)
Weak base
Functional Group
Determines how molecules interact with others
Carbohydrates
Variably sized sugar molecules usually with formula (C1H2O1)n. Characterized by number of sugars.
Carbohydrate functions include
Storing energy
Transporting stored energy
Be arranged to form other molecules
Form extra cellular support structures
Monosaccharides
Simple sugars; monomer of complex carbs; used as energy source; exists as ring or chain
Disaccharides
Two simple sugars linked by covalent bonds
Oligosaccharides
Formed by several monosaccharides; often covalently bonded to proteins and lipids on cell surfaces where they serve as recognition signals
Polysaccharides
Larger polymers of monosaccharides; some are branched
Glycosidic Bonds
Bonds by which di, oligo, and polysaccharides are held together
Condensation Reaction
Results in formation of covalent bonds between monomers; forms polymers and creates water; new covalent bond between monomers and water is created
Hydrolysis Reaction
Breaks down polymers into monomers and consume water
Lipids
Nonpolar hydrocarbons that have various roles in cells; defined by insolubility in water
Fats and Oils
Type of lipid; triglycerides that store energy
Triglyceride
3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol connected with an ester linkage (formed through condensation reaction)
Fats are
Solid at room temp
Oils are
Liquid at room temp
Phospholipid
Type of lipid; 2 fatty acids bound to glycerol with a phosphate; amphipathic: head is hydrophilic phosphate group and tail is hydrophobic fatty acid chains