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Bio 1 > EMT Exam 4 > Flashcards

EMT Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

EMS Systems Function

A
  • Emergency
  • Non-emergency (planned out appointments, like dialysis)
  • Wilderness
  • Special Event (football games, concerts)
  • Tactical
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2
Q

EMS Systems Organization

A
  • Private
  • Public
  • Authority
  • Municipal (city employees)
  • Fire based
  • Tiered
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3
Q

What to do at the start of a shift

A
  • Check truck/equipment
  • Other PM and checklists
  • Check in with dispatch, crew chief
  • Get radio
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4
Q

Which ambulance type is biggest

A

Type 3

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5
Q

Emergency Medical Dispatcher (EMD)

A
  • Interrogate caller and assign priority to call
  • Provide pre-arrival medical instructions to callers and information to crews
  • Dispatch and coordinate EMS resources
  • Coordinate with other public safety agencies
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6
Q

What does it mean to package the patient

A

Readying the patient to be moved and combining patient and patient carrying device as unit ready for transfer; sick or injured patient must be packaged so that condition is not aggravated

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7
Q

What to do before placing patient on carrying device

A
  • Complete necessary care for wounds, other injuries
  • Stabilize impaled objects
  • Check dressings and splints
  • Cover patient and secure to patient-carrying device
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8
Q

What is the minimum number of straps to secure the patient on the patient-carrying device

A

Minimum of three straps to secure; chest level, waist level, lower extremities

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9
Q

What to do during transport to hospital

A
  • Continue assessment
  • Secure stretcher in place in ambulance
  • Position and secure patient
  • Adjust security straps
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10
Q

What to do during transport to hospital

A
  • Prepare for resp and cardiac complications
  • Loosen constricting clothing
  • Load personal effects
  • Talk to patient
  • Notify hospital
  • Compile additional patient info
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11
Q

Who must you transfer patient to

A

Must transfer to same or higher level of care

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12
Q

What to do after you are free from patient care

A
  • As soon as free from patient care, prepare prehospital care report
  • Transfer patient’s personal effects
  • Obtain your release from hospital
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13
Q

Terminating the call: at the hospital

A
  • Clean patient compartment
  • Prepare equipment for service
  • Replace expendable items
  • Exchange equipment according to local policy
  • Make up ambulance cot
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14
Q

Terminating the call: en route to quarters

A
  • Radio dispatch with your status
  • Air out ambulance if necessary for odor control
  • Refuel ambulance
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15
Q

Terminating the call: in quarters

A
  • Place badly contaminated linens in biohazard containers
  • Clean equipment
  • Disinfect non-disposable equipment
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16
Q

Operational reason for air rescue

A

Speeding transpot to distant trauma center

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17
Q

Medical reasons for air rescue

A

High priority patients requiring advanced care or procedures not available at local hospital; they don’t fly dead people

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18
Q

In PA who must set up landing zone

A

Fire department

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19
Q

Command of NIMS

A
  • Operations
  • Planning
  • Logistics
  • Finance
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20
Q

EMS Branch Functions Under Command Structure

A
  • Mobile command center
  • Extrication
  • Staging area
  • Triage area
  • Treatment area
  • Transportation area
  • Rehabilitation area
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21
Q

What is the goal of triage

A

Afford greatest number of people greatest chance of survival

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22
Q

Prioritizing patients in MCI

A
  • Priority 1: Treatable life-threatening illness or injury
  • Priority 2: Serious but not life-threatening illness or injury
  • Priority 3: Walking wounded
  • Priority 4 (aka priority 0): Dead of fatally injured
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23
Q

Color code for priority 1 patient

A

Red

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24
Q

Color code for priority 2 patient

A

Yellow

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25
Color code for priority 3 patient
Green
26
Color code for priority 4 patient
Black
27
START Triage
Simple triage and rapid treatment; used to figure out patient priority during MCI
28
What is START triage patient evaluation based on
RPM: Respiration, pulse, mental status
29
Evaluation for START triage
- Minor (green): can walk; walking wounded - Deceased (black): No resp after head tilt - Immediate (red): Breathing but conscious, perfusion; cap refill > 2 sec/no radial pulse, mental status; can't follow simple commands - Delayed (yellow): R- 30, P- 2, M- Can do
30
Domestic terrorism
Groups of individuals whose terrorist activities are directed at a government or population without foreign direction
31
International terrorism
Groups or individuals whose terrorist activities are foreign-based and/or directed by countries or groups outside the targeted country or whose activities cross national borders
32
Types of weapons of mass destruction (CBRNE)
- Chemical - Biological - Radiological - Nuclear - Explosive
33
OTTO signs
- May help protect against secondary terrorist attack - Occupancy (location) - Type of event - Timing of event - On-scene warning signs
34
First O of OTTO
- Occupancy or location - Public buildings or assembly areas - Controversial businesses - Infastructure systems
35
First T of OTTO
- Type of event with high suspicion of terrorist involvement - Explosions - Incidents involving firearms - Nontrauma mass casualty incidents
36
Second T of OTTO
- Timing of event - National holidays - Anniversary dates of previous attacks - Incidents occurring in major public areas at busy points of business day
37
Second O of OTTO
- On-scene warning signs - Unexplained patterns of illness or death - Unexplained signs and symptoms or skin, eye, or airway irritation - Containers that appear out of place
38
TRACEM-P
- Recognize harms posed by threat - Thermal - Radiological - Asphyxiation - Chemical - Etiological - Mechanical - Psychological
39
What can biological incidents present as
Focused or public health emergency
40
Focused emergency
- Type of biological incident - Potential or actual point of origin located; attempts made to prevent or minimize damage and spread
41
Public health emergency
- Type of biological incident - Sudden demand upon public health infastructure with no apparent explanation
42
What are causative agents of biological incidents
- Bacteria - Viruses - Toxins
43
What are the four major routes of entry to the body in a biological incident
- Absorption - Ingestion - Injection - Inhalation
44
Exposure vs contamination
- Exposure: Substance taken into body through route of exposure - Contamination: Substance clings to surface areas of body or clothing
45
Harms of Biological Incident
- Chemical (secondary): Scene of lab - Etiological (primary); Poisons - Mechanical (secondary): Explosives used to disperse agents - Psychological (secondary)
46
Why is radiological dispersion difficult to detect
Radiation symptoms are delayed for hours or days
47
Harms of radiological/nuclear incident
- Thermal (primary): Nuclear explosion - Radiological (primary) Radiological materials - Chemical (secondary): Radiological substances are also chemical hazards - Mechanical (primary): Explosion - Psychological (secondary)
48
Self-protection measures for radiological/nuclear incident
Time, distance, shielding
49
Harms of explosive incident
- Thermal (primary): Heat of detonation - Asphyxiation (secondary): possibility of extremely dusty conditions - Chemical (secondary): Result of explosive reaction from chemicals present at detonation site - Mechanical (primary): Typically seen at bombing incidents - Psychological (secondary)
50
Self protection measures for explosive incidents
- Preblast protection: Operations occurring after written or verbal warning received but before explosion takes place - Postblast: Operations occurring after at least one detonation
51
Dissemination of CBRNE Materials
- Respiratory (most effective/common) - Ingestion route - Dermal route - Human-to-human contact
52
Weaponization of CBRNE Materials
- Most effective when targeted through inhalation route - Particles in 3-5 micron size - Such airborne dissemination can be created by applying energy to material - Heat, explosives, sprayers can aerosolize materials
53
Classes of chemical agents
- Choking agents - Vesicating (blister) agents - Cyanides - Nerve agents - Riot Control agents
54
Classes of chemical agents: Choking agents
Predominately respiratory
55
Vesicating (blistering) agents
Cause chemical changes in cells of exposed tissue
56
Classes of chemical agents: Cyanides
Prevent use of oxygen within cells
57
Classes of chemical agents: Nerve Agents
Inhibit enzyme critical to proper nerve transmission, causing out of control parasympathetic nervous system
58
Classes of chemical agents: riot control agents
Irritating materials and lacrimators (tear-flow increasers)
59
Nerve agents
- SLUDGEM - Salivation - Lacrimation - Urination - Defecation - GI Upset - Emesis - Miosis
60
Effects of radiation
Radiologic exposure affects bone marrow, GI system, central nervous system
61
Blast injury patterns
- Lung injury: Bradycardia, apnea, hypotension - Ear injury: Rupture of tympanic membrane - Brain injury: Concussion or mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) from blast wave
62
What is the most common type of rescue across the US
A vehicle collision where extrication of the patient is required
63
What should first-arriving units do in a highway accident
- Establish command and confirm exact location of incident with dispatch center - Use apparatus to institute upstream blocking to protect work area - Rescue trucks arriving to perform extrication should be positioned downstream of initial blocking vehicle
64

Bio 1 (8 decks)

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