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Bio 1 > EMT Exam 4 > Flashcards

EMT Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

EMS Systems Function

A
  • Emergency
  • Non-emergency (planned out appointments, like dialysis)
  • Wilderness
  • Special Event (football games, concerts)
  • Tactical
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2
Q

EMS Systems Organization

A
  • Private
  • Public
  • Authority
  • Municipal (city employees)
  • Fire based
  • Tiered
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3
Q

What to do at the start of a shift

A
  • Check truck/equipment
  • Other PM and checklists
  • Check in with dispatch, crew chief
  • Get radio
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4
Q

Which ambulance type is biggest

A

Type 3

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5
Q

Emergency Medical Dispatcher (EMD)

A
  • Interrogate caller and assign priority to call
  • Provide pre-arrival medical instructions to callers and information to crews
  • Dispatch and coordinate EMS resources
  • Coordinate with other public safety agencies
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6
Q

What does it mean to package the patient

A

Readying the patient to be moved and combining patient and patient carrying device as unit ready for transfer; sick or injured patient must be packaged so that condition is not aggravated

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7
Q

What to do before placing patient on carrying device

A
  • Complete necessary care for wounds, other injuries
  • Stabilize impaled objects
  • Check dressings and splints
  • Cover patient and secure to patient-carrying device
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8
Q

What is the minimum number of straps to secure the patient on the patient-carrying device

A

Minimum of three straps to secure; chest level, waist level, lower extremities

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9
Q

What to do during transport to hospital

A
  • Continue assessment
  • Secure stretcher in place in ambulance
  • Position and secure patient
  • Adjust security straps
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10
Q

What to do during transport to hospital

A
  • Prepare for resp and cardiac complications
  • Loosen constricting clothing
  • Load personal effects
  • Talk to patient
  • Notify hospital
  • Compile additional patient info
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11
Q

Who must you transfer patient to

A

Must transfer to same or higher level of care

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12
Q

What to do after you are free from patient care

A
  • As soon as free from patient care, prepare prehospital care report
  • Transfer patient’s personal effects
  • Obtain your release from hospital
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13
Q

Terminating the call: at the hospital

A
  • Clean patient compartment
  • Prepare equipment for service
  • Replace expendable items
  • Exchange equipment according to local policy
  • Make up ambulance cot
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14
Q

Terminating the call: en route to quarters

A
  • Radio dispatch with your status
  • Air out ambulance if necessary for odor control
  • Refuel ambulance
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15
Q

Terminating the call: in quarters

A
  • Place badly contaminated linens in biohazard containers
  • Clean equipment
  • Disinfect non-disposable equipment
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16
Q

Operational reason for air rescue

A

Speeding transpot to distant trauma center

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17
Q

Medical reasons for air rescue

A

High priority patients requiring advanced care or procedures not available at local hospital; they don’t fly dead people

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18
Q

In PA who must set up landing zone

A

Fire department

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19
Q

Command of NIMS

A
  • Operations
  • Planning
  • Logistics
  • Finance
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20
Q

EMS Branch Functions Under Command Structure

A
  • Mobile command center
  • Extrication
  • Staging area
  • Triage area
  • Treatment area
  • Transportation area
  • Rehabilitation area
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21
Q

What is the goal of triage

A

Afford greatest number of people greatest chance of survival

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22
Q

Prioritizing patients in MCI

A
  • Priority 1: Treatable life-threatening illness or injury
  • Priority 2: Serious but not life-threatening illness or injury
  • Priority 3: Walking wounded
  • Priority 4 (aka priority 0): Dead of fatally injured
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23
Q

Color code for priority 1 patient

A

Red

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24
Q

Color code for priority 2 patient

A

Yellow

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25
Q

Color code for priority 3 patient

A

Green

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26
Q

Color code for priority 4 patient

A

Black

27
Q

START Triage

A

Simple triage and rapid treatment; used to figure out patient priority during MCI

28
Q

What is START triage patient evaluation based on

A

RPM: Respiration, pulse, mental status

29
Q

Evaluation for START triage

A
  • Minor (green): can walk; walking wounded
  • Deceased (black): No resp after head tilt
  • Immediate (red): Breathing but conscious, perfusion; cap refill > 2 sec/no radial pulse, mental status; can’t follow simple commands
  • Delayed (yellow): R- 30, P- 2, M- Can do
30
Q

Domestic terrorism

A

Groups of individuals whose terrorist activities are directed at a government or population without foreign direction

31
Q

International terrorism

A

Groups or individuals whose terrorist activities are foreign-based and/or directed by countries or groups outside the targeted country or whose activities cross national borders

32
Q

Types of weapons of mass destruction (CBRNE)

A
  • Chemical
  • Biological
  • Radiological
  • Nuclear
  • Explosive
33
Q

OTTO signs

A
  • May help protect against secondary terrorist attack
  • Occupancy (location)
  • Type of event
  • Timing of event
  • On-scene warning signs
34
Q

First O of OTTO

A
  • Occupancy or location
  • Public buildings or assembly areas
  • Controversial businesses
  • Infastructure systems
35
Q

First T of OTTO

A
  • Type of event with high suspicion of terrorist involvement
  • Explosions
  • Incidents involving firearms
  • Nontrauma mass casualty incidents
36
Q

Second T of OTTO

A
  • Timing of event
  • National holidays
  • Anniversary dates of previous attacks
  • Incidents occurring in major public areas at busy points of business day
37
Q

Second O of OTTO

A
  • On-scene warning signs
  • Unexplained patterns of illness or death
  • Unexplained signs and symptoms or skin, eye, or airway irritation
  • Containers that appear out of place
38
Q

TRACEM-P

A
  • Recognize harms posed by threat
  • Thermal
  • Radiological
  • Asphyxiation
  • Chemical
  • Etiological
  • Mechanical
  • Psychological
39
Q

What can biological incidents present as

A

Focused or public health emergency

40
Q

Focused emergency

A
  • Type of biological incident
  • Potential or actual point of origin located; attempts made to prevent or minimize damage and spread
41
Q

Public health emergency

A
  • Type of biological incident
  • Sudden demand upon public health infastructure with no apparent explanation
42
Q

What are causative agents of biological incidents

A
  • Bacteria
  • Viruses
  • Toxins
43
Q

What are the four major routes of entry to the body in a biological incident

A
  • Absorption
  • Ingestion
  • Injection
  • Inhalation
44
Q

Exposure vs contamination

A
  • Exposure: Substance taken into body through route of exposure
  • Contamination: Substance clings to surface areas of body or clothing
45
Q

Harms of Biological Incident

A
  • Chemical (secondary): Scene of lab
  • Etiological (primary); Poisons
  • Mechanical (secondary): Explosives used to disperse agents
  • Psychological (secondary)
46
Q

Why is radiological dispersion difficult to detect

A

Radiation symptoms are delayed for hours or days

47
Q

Harms of radiological/nuclear incident

A
  • Thermal (primary): Nuclear explosion
  • Radiological (primary) Radiological materials
  • Chemical (secondary): Radiological substances are also chemical hazards
  • Mechanical (primary): Explosion
  • Psychological (secondary)
48
Q

Self-protection measures for radiological/nuclear incident

A

Time, distance, shielding

49
Q

Harms of explosive incident

A
  • Thermal (primary): Heat of detonation
  • Asphyxiation (secondary): possibility of extremely dusty conditions
  • Chemical (secondary): Result of explosive reaction from chemicals present at detonation site
  • Mechanical (primary): Typically seen at bombing incidents
  • Psychological (secondary)
50
Q

Self protection measures for explosive incidents

A
  • Preblast protection: Operations occurring after written or verbal warning received but before explosion takes place
  • Postblast: Operations occurring after at least one detonation
51
Q

Dissemination of CBRNE Materials

A
  • Respiratory (most effective/common)
  • Ingestion route
  • Dermal route
  • Human-to-human contact
52
Q

Weaponization of CBRNE Materials

A
  • Most effective when targeted through inhalation route
  • Particles in 3-5 micron size
  • Such airborne dissemination can be created by applying energy to material
  • Heat, explosives, sprayers can aerosolize materials
53
Q

Classes of chemical agents

A
  • Choking agents
  • Vesicating (blister) agents
  • Cyanides
  • Nerve agents
  • Riot Control agents
54
Q

Classes of chemical agents: Choking agents

A

Predominately respiratory

55
Q

Vesicating (blistering) agents

A

Cause chemical changes in cells of exposed tissue

56
Q

Classes of chemical agents: Cyanides

A

Prevent use of oxygen within cells

57
Q

Classes of chemical agents: Nerve Agents

A

Inhibit enzyme critical to proper nerve transmission, causing out of control parasympathetic nervous system

58
Q

Classes of chemical agents: riot control agents

A

Irritating materials and lacrimators (tear-flow increasers)

59
Q

Nerve agents

A
  • SLUDGEM
  • Salivation
  • Lacrimation
  • Urination
  • Defecation
  • GI Upset
  • Emesis
  • Miosis
60
Q

Effects of radiation

A

Radiologic exposure affects bone marrow, GI system, central nervous system

61
Q

Blast injury patterns

A
  • Lung injury: Bradycardia, apnea, hypotension
  • Ear injury: Rupture of tympanic membrane
  • Brain injury: Concussion or mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) from blast wave
62
Q

What is the most common type of rescue across the US

A

A vehicle collision where extrication of the patient is required

63
Q

What should first-arriving units do in a highway accident

A
  • Establish command and confirm exact location of incident with dispatch center
  • Use apparatus to institute upstream blocking to protect work area
  • Rescue trucks arriving to perform extrication should be positioned downstream of initial blocking vehicle
64
Q
A

Bio 1 (8 decks)

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