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Human Disease > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Organic Disease

A

a disease associated with structural changes in the affected tissue or organ

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2
Q

Pathogenesis

A

manner in which disease develops

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3
Q

Prognosis

A

the probable outcome of a disease or disorder

the out look for recovery

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4
Q

Endoscopy

A

an examination of the interior of the body by means of various lighted tubular instruments

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5
Q

Laparoscope

A

Long tubular telescope like instrument passed through the abdominal wall to examine structures within the peritoneal caity

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6
Q

Arteriogram

A

X-ray technique for studying the caliber of blood vessels by injection of radiopaque material into the vessel

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7
Q

Cardiac catheterization

A

A specialized technique to determine the blood flow through the chambers of the heart, and to detect abnormal communications between cardiac chambers.

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8
Q

Magnetic resonance imaging

A

A diagnostic procedure that yields computer-generated images based on the movement of hydrogen atoms in tissues subjected to a strong magnetic field.

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9
Q

Pap smear

A

A study of cells from various sources, commonly used as a screening test for cancer.

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10
Q

Biopsy

A

Removal of a small sample of tissue for examination and diagnosis by a pathologist.

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11
Q

Organelle

A

A small structure present in the cytoplasm of the cell, such as a mitochondrion.

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12
Q

Mitochondria

A

Rod-shaped structures in the cell capable of converting foods into energy to power the cell.

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13
Q

Ribosome

A

A small cytoplasmic organelle that serves as the site of protein synthesis. Ribosomes are usually attached to the endoplasmic reticulum but may be free in the cytoplasm.

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14
Q

Centrioles

A

Short cylindrical structures located adjacent to the nucleus that participate in the formation of spindle fibers during cell division.

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15
Q

Parenchyma

A

The functional cells of an organ

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16
Q

Exocrine glands

A

A gland that discharges its secretions through a duct onto a mucosal surface, in contrast to an endocrine gland that delivers its secretions directly into the bloodstream.

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17
Q

Neuroglia

A

Supporting cells of tissue of the nervous system

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18
Q

Germ layers

A

The three layers of cells derived from the inner cell mass, each layer destined to form specific organs and tissues in the embryo.

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19
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Ingestion of particulate of foreign material by cells

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20
Q

Dysplasia

A

Abnormal maturation of cells

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21
Q

Homologous chromosomes

A

A matched pair of chromosomes, one derived from each parent

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22
Q

Intron

A

A noncoding part of a chromosomal DNA chain.

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23
Q

Mitosis

A

The type of cell division of most cells in which chromosomes are duplicated in the daughter cells and are identical with those in the parent cell. The characteristic cell division found in all cells in the body except for the gametes

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24
Q

Chromatid

A

One of two newly formed chromosomes held together by the centromere

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25
Q

Granulosa cells

A

Cells lining the ovarian follicles

26
Q

Karyotype

A

An arrangement of chromosomes from a single cell arrangement in pairs in descending order according to size of the chromosomes and the positions of the centromeres

27
Q

Major histocompatibility complex

A

A group of genes on chromosome 6 that determine the antigens on the surface of cells

28
Q

Autoimmune disease

A

A disease associated with formation of cell-mediated or humoral immunity against the subject’s own cells or tissue components.

29
Q

Plasmid

A

A small, circular DNA molecule separate from the main bacterial chromosome.

30
Q

Polar body

A

Structure extruded during the meiosis of the oocyte. Contains discarded chromosomes and a small amount of cytoplasm.

31
Q

Adhesions

A

Bands of fibrous tissue that form subsequent to an inflammation, and bind adjacent tissues together.

32
Q

Prostaglandin

A

has widespread physiologic effects.

33
Q

Cellulitis

A

An acute spreading inflammation affecting the skin or deeper tissues.

34
Q

Septicemia

A

An infection in which large numbers of pathogenic bacteria are present in the bloodstream.

35
Q

Host

A

Individual infected with a disease-producing organism

36
Q

Virulence

A

The ability of an organism to cause disease.

37
Q

Abscess

A

A localized accumulation of pus in tissues.

38
Q

Lymphadenitis

A

An inflammation of lymph nodes draining a site of infection.

39
Q

Mast cell

A

A specialized connective-tissue cell containing granules filled with histamine and other chemical mediators.

40
Q

Bradykinin

A

A chemical mediator of inflammation derived from components in the blood plasma.

41
Q

Natural killer cells

A

Lymphocytes capable of destroying foreign or abnormal cells, although they have not had any prior antigenic contact with the cells.

42
Q

Effector T cells

A

Cytotoxic and delayed hypersensitivity T cells that protect the body by attacking and destroying body cells infected with bacteria or viruses.

43
Q

Hypersensitivity

A

A state of abnormal reactivity to a foreign material.

44
Q

Atopic

A

Having a genetic predisposition to certain allergic conditions

45
Q

Allergen

A

A substance capable of inducing an allergic reaction in a predisposed individual.

46
Q

Cytotoxic drugs

A

Producing cell necrosis or destruction

47
Q

Rejection

A

An immunologic process characterized by destruction of a transplanted organ.

48
Q

Leucopenia

A

a reduction in the number of white cells in the blood, typical of various diseases.

49
Q

Progressive inflammatory neuropathy

A

acute paralysis, pain, fatigue, numbness, and weakness, especially in extremities

50
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

A severe generalized IgEmediated hypersensitivity reaction characterized by marked respiratory distress and fall in blood pressure.

51
Q

Flagellum

A

A whiplike process that propels an organism or sperm.

52
Q

Botulism

A

Food Poisoning caused by ingestion of a neurotoxin produced by an anaerobic spore forming bacillus Clostridium botulinum growing in improperly canned or preserved food.

53
Q

Lyme disease

A

A tick-borne systemic infection caused by a spiral organism,

54
Q

Inclusion bodies

A

Spherical structures in the nucleus or cytoplasm of virus-infected cells.

55
Q

Capsid

A

The protein covering the central nucleic acid core of a virus.

56
Q

Herpes zoster

A

medical name for shingles.

57
Q

Humoral immunity

A

Immunity associated with formation of antibodies produced by plasma cells.

58
Q

Hyphea

A

each of the branching filaments that make up the mycelium of a fungus

59
Q

Mycelium

A

Matted mass of hyphae forming a fluffy colony characteristic of fungi.

60
Q

Dermatophyte

A

A fungus that causes a superficial infection of the skin.

Human Disease (12 decks)

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