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Animal Parasitology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Symbiosis

A

Close, long-term relationships between organisms

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2
Q

Mutualism

A

Both host and symbiont benefit from interaction

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3
Q

Commensalism

A

Symbiont benefits and the host is not affected

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4
Q

Phoresy

A

Type of commensalism where the symbiont gets transportation from host

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5
Q

Inquilinism

A

Type of commensalism where symbiont gets a home from host

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6
Q

Parasitism

A

Symbiont benefits and host is harmed

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7
Q

Amensalism

A

One partner is harmed and the other is not affected

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8
Q

Biomass

A

Matter an organism is made of

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9
Q

Metabolism

A

Chemical reactions organisms carry out

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10
Q

Work

A

Behaviors organisms engage in

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11
Q

Products

A

Things organisms make

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12
Q

ectoparasites

A

live on the outside of the host’s body, like ticks, fleas, or lice

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13
Q

endoparasites

A

live on the inside of host’s body, like tapeworms, flukes, intestinal roundworms, and parasitic protists

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14
Q

mesoparasites

A

live partially inside and outside of the host’s body, like Pennella balaenopterae found on whales and dolphins

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15
Q

facultative parasites

A

can survive as free-living organisms, but will parasitize a host given the opportunity

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16
Q

Naegleria fowleri

A

brain-eating amoeba that is facultative, but will cause amoebic meningoencephalitis (fatal)

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17
Q

accidental parasites

A

parasites that enter the wrong host and do not survive for long

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18
Q

Baylisacaris

A

roundworms that normally infect racoons, but if accidentally parasitize humans they get into the brain

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19
Q

hyperparasites

A

parasites of parasites

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20
Q

Udonella caligorum

A

hyperparasite that parasitize lepeophtheirus hospitalis (parasite of fish)

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21
Q

monoxenous

A

parasite that lives it’s entire life cycle in one host

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22
Q

Monocystis

A

monoxenous parasite

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23
Q

autoinfection

A

offspring of parasites parasitize the same host individual

24
Q

Strongyloides

A

parasite that can autoinfect

25
Q

heteroxenous

A

parasites that have their different life cycles in different hosts

26
Q

definitive host

A

host that supports the adult or sexually reproductive cycle of a parasite

27
Q

intermediate host

A

host that supports the larval or asexually reproducing stage of a parasite

28
Q

reservoir host

A

primary host that holds the parasite until it jumps to another host, usually not negatively affected by parasite

29
Q

black rats and Yersinia pestis

A

reservoir hosts for bubonic plague bacteria

30
Q

paratenic host

A

transports parasite and allows it to mature until it is able to parasitize optimal host

31
Q

Dicotophyme renale

A

paratenic host that is carried in fish until it is able to parasitize mink

32
Q

the two-fold cost of sex

A

asexual reproduction is faster but sexual reproduction creates genetic variation (John Maynard Smith)

33
Q

Significance of Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg

A

he determined unicellular protozoans were their own complete organisms

34
Q

Significance of Haeckel (1866)

A

he proposed the Kingdom Protista for fungi and prokaryotes

35
Q

Significance of Chatton (1937)

A

he made the distinction between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

36
Q

Significance of Whittaker (1969)

A

separated fungi into its own kingdom

37
Q

Kingdom Protista

A

contains organisms that do not fit into the other groups, no embryonic development or extensive cellular differentiation

38
Q

Eukaryotic parasites

A

5 supergroups, defined by similarities in DNA sequences as well as structural similarities

39
Q

Classes of eukaryotic parasites

A

Amoebozoa, Excavata, SAR, Opisthokonta, Archaeplastida

40
Q

SAR

A

Supergroup of parasites that contain Stramenopiles, Alveolata, and Rhizaria

41
Q

Ameobozoa

A

cells with no fixed shape, they use amoeboid locomotion (scooting along using cytoplasm)

42
Q

Acanthamoeba

A

free-living aquatic amoeba, can form resistant cysts, facultative parasite

43
Q

Entamoeba histolytica

A

amoeba that causes amoebic dysentery, active as trophozoites, inactive as cysts

44
Q

trophozoite

A

growing stage of some parasites when they are absorbing nutrients from the host

45
Q

cyst

A

resistant stage of parasites when they are usually passed in feces and ineffective

46
Q

Excavata characteristics

A

Flagella, specialized feeding grooves, many use anaerobic respiration through hydrogenosomes, include free-living, pathogens, and symbionts

47
Q

Excavata clades

A

Discoba and Metamonada

48
Q

Discoba includes

A

Euglenozoa (trypanosomes) and Heterolobosea (amoeboflagellate)

49
Q

metamonada includes

A

preaxostyla, fornicata (giardia), and parabasalia

50
Q

euglenoza includes

A

euglenids and kinetoplastids

51
Q

Euglenids

A

free-living organisms with chloroplasts and pellicle (protein on cytoskeleton, give flexibility and maintain shape)

52
Q

Kinetoplastids

A

have kinetoplast, dark eyespot, mitochondrial DNA, include trypanosoma (Chagas and African Sleeping sickness) and leishmania

53
Q

Which stage of trypanasomatid?

A

Amastigote, no flagellum

54
Q

Which stage of trypanosomatid?

A

Promastigote, anterior flagellum

55
Q

Which stage of trypanosomatid?

A

Ophishtomastigote, flagellum in pocket

56
Q

Which stage of trypanosomatid?

A

Epimastigote, flagellum along side

57
Q

Which stage of trypanosomatid?

A

Trypomastigote

Animal Parasitology (7 decks)

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