Exam #02 -AD(H)D & OCD

Question 1

Which of the following statements is false:

A. Benzedrine is an effective Tx for hyperactive children
B. ADHD can lead to smoking & substance abuse in adolescence
C. Majority of ADHD cases are caused by food and food additives
D. patients with ADHD may have lower levels of DA transporters in nucleus accumbuns (striatal region of brain)
E. ADHD brain development is delayed, but will eventually develop into full maturation

Answer 1

(C) - majority of ADHD cases caused by unknown environmental factors

Benzedrine is a stimulant but is counterintuitively effective in treating HYPERactive children

Nucleus accumbens in the stratal region of the brain and is part of the basal ganglia

Question 2

Name the (3) characteristics seen in the cycle of behavior for a patient with ADHD?

Answer 2

1. Inattention
2. Impulsivity
3. Hyperactivity

Question 3

Which NT’s are associated with brain regions affected in patients with ADHD?

Answer 3

1. DA

2. NE

Question 4

Explain Adderall’s ® (2) MOA to treat ADHD?

Answer 4

Amphetamine (Adderall ®)

1. increases the release of NE
2. directly binds to adrenergic receptors to block the reuptake of NE

Question 5

Which of the following is/are incorrect matches?

A. Atomoxetine - SNRI
B. Clonidine - alpha-2 agonist
C. Methylphenidate - stimulant (release & RI)
D. Lisdexamfetamine - SNRI
E. all the above are correct

Answer 5

(D) - Lidexamfetamine (Vyvanse ®) is a prodrug of d-amphetamine (Dexedrine ® and Dextrostat ®) which are stimulants (release and RI)

Atomoxetine (Strattera ®) - SNRI
Clonidine - alpha-2 agonist
Methylphenidate (Ritalin ®) - stimulant (release & RI)

Question 6

Give the trade name for the following generic drugs used to treat ADHD:

amphetamine
methylphenidate
d-methylphenidate
methamphetamine
guanfacine

Answer 6

amphetamine (Adderall ®)
methylphenidate (Ritalin ®, Concerta ®)
d-methylphenidate (Focalin ®)
methamphetamine (Desoxyn ®)
guanfacine (Intuniv ®)

Question 7

All of the following is/are true regarding medications for ADHD, except:

A. There can be an adjustment period
B. helps patients concentrate
C. should be combined with cognitive therapy
D. Patients can develop tolerance
E. patient can go through mild withdrawal

Answer 7

(D) - there is no tolerance to these medications

Question 8

True or False - OCD is an anxiety disorder

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Which of the following about OCD is correct?

A. OCD is a genetic disorder
B. patients with OCD have dysfunction in orbitofrontal cortex, caudate nuclei
C.SSRI's are the DOC for OCD 
D. OCD is associated with low DA
E. A, B, & C are correct

Answer 9

(E) - everything is correct except letter D:

OCD is associated with low levels of SEROTONIN

Question 10

All of the following would be a good DOC for OCD patient, except:

A. Citalapram
B. Fluoxetine
C. Sertraline
D. Escitalopram
E. Clozapine

Answer 10

(E) - Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic and while it can be used to treat OCD, it’s not the DOC

All the other drugs are SSRI which is the DOC for patients with OCD

Citalapram (Celexa ®)
Fluoxetine (Prozac ®)
Sertraline (Zoloft ®)
Escitalopram (Lexapro ®)
Clozapine (Clozaril ®)

Question 11

True or False - SSRI’s, TCA’s, Atypical antipsychotics, and BZD can all be used to treat OCD?

Answer 11

True

SSRI
Citalopram (Celexa ®)
Escitalopram (Lexapro ®)
Fluoxetine (Prozac ®)
Fluvoxamine (Luvox ®)
Paroxetine (Paxil ®)
Sertraline (Zoloft ®)

TCA’s
Clomipramine

Atypical Antipsychotics
Risperidone, quetiapine, olanzapine, ziprasidone

Other
BZD