[Ex3] - C36 - AP Flashcards
36-1. In the majority of cases delayed puberty is due to:
a. a disruption in the hypothalamus.
b. a disruption of the pituitary.
c. slow maturation.
d. ambiguity in sex determination.
ANS: C
In about 95% of cases, delayed puberty is a normal physiologic event. Hormonal levels are
normal, the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis is intact, and maturation is happening slowly.
Only about 5% of the occurrences of delayed puberty are due to a disruption in the
hypothalamus or the pituitary. Ambiguity in sex determination could play a role in delayed
puberty, but this occurrence is rare.
36-2. A 30 year old presents with penile tenderness and discharge while the physical examination
reveals that his foreskin cannot be retracted back over the glans penis. This assessment data is
consistent with what condition?
a. Paraphimosis
b. Phimosis
c. Peyronie disease
d. Priapism
ANS: B
Phimosis is a condition in which the foreskin cannot be retracted back over the glans.
Paraphimosis is the opposite: the foreskin is retracted and cannot be moved forward (reduced)
to cover the glans. Peyronie disease is a fibrotic condition that causes lateral curvature of the
penis during erection. Priapism is a prolonged erection.
36-3. A 38 year old presents reporting difficulty having sexual intercourse because his penis curves
during erection. What term describes this condition?
a. Phimosis
b. Cryptorchidism
c. Paraphimosis
d. Peyronie disease
ANS: D
Peyronie disease is a fibrotic condition that causes lateral curvature of the penis during
erection. Phimosis is a condition in which the foreskin cannot be retracted back over the glans.
Cryptorchidism is a condition of testicular maldescent. Paraphimosis is the opposite: the
foreskin is retracted and cannot be moved forward (reduced) to cover the glans.
36-4. _____ is an inflammation of the glans penis.
a. Phimosis
b. Balanitis
c. Priapism
d. Hydrocele
ANS: B
Balanitis is an inflammation of the glans penis. Phimosis is a condition in which the foreskin
cannot be retracted back over the glans. Priapism is a prolonged erection. A hydrocele is a
collection of fluid within the tunica vaginalis.
36-5. Cryptorchidism can be defined as:
a. a normal developmental state of the testes.
b. an abnormal state in which the testes are overdeveloped.
c. lack of a scrotum.
d. problems with testicular descent.
ANS: D
Cryptorchidism is a group of abnormalities in which the testis fails to descend completely,
whereas an ectopic testis has strayed from the normal pathway of descent. Cryptorchidism is
not a condition associated with either testicular overdevelopment or a lack of a scrotum.
36-6. A 21 year old presents with inflammation of the testes and is diagnosed with orchitis. What is
the most likely cause of his symptoms?
a. Herpes virus
b. Escherichia coli
c. Mumps
d. Cytomegalovirus
ANS: C
Mumps is the most common infectious cause of orchitis and usually affects postpubertal
males. Herpes would not result in testicular swelling. Escherichia coli infection would not
result in testicular swelling and redness. Cytomegalovirus is a sexually transmitted disease
and is not manifested in testes.
36-7. An important risk factor in the development of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) among
Americans is:
a. recurrent prostatitis.
b. a diet high in fat.
c. cigarette smoking.
d. increased age.
ANS: D
Prevalence in the United States is about 50% in men 60 years and older and 90% among men
70 years or older. BPH is common and involves a complex pathophysiology with several
endocrine and local factors and remodeled microenvironment, but its relationship to aging is
well documented. Risk factors for BPH do not include prostatitis, a diet high in fat, or
cigarette smoking.
36-8. A common complaint from men with mild to moderate benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) is:
a. decreased urinary stream.
b. infertility.
c. sexual dysfunction.
d. prostatodynia.
ANS: A
The most common complaint of men with BPH is decreased urine stream. Infertility is not
associated with benign prostatic hypertrophy. Sexual dysfunction could be associated with
BPH, but it is not as common a complaint as decreased stream. A painful prostate is not a
frequent complaint of men with BPH.
36-9. Symptoms of acute bacterial prostatitis are similar to symptoms of:
a. prostate cancer.
b. benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH).
c. urinary tract infection (UTI).
d. epididymitis.
ANS: C
Clinical manifestations of acute bacterial prostatitis are those of UTI or pyelonephritis. Cancer
often has no symptoms. Symptoms could include difficulty with urinary stream, but more
commonly it is of UTI. The main symptom of epididymitis is scrotal or inguinal pain caused
by inflammation of the epididymis and surrounding tissues.
36-10. The patient’s medication has a side effect of gynecomastia. The nurse would respond that
gynecomastia is:
a. lack of breast development in women.
b. overdevelopment of breast tissue in males.
c. a type of breast cancer.
d. inflammation of the mammary glands.
ANS: B
Gynecomastia is overdevelopment of breast tissues in males. It is not a lack of breast
development. It is not a type of breast cancer nor is it associated with inflammation of the
mammary glands.
36-11. A 35 year old presents with symptomology that is associated with syphilis. What organism is
responsible for the development of syphilis?
a. Treponema pallidum
b. Chlamydia trachomatis
c. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
d. Haemophilus ducreyi
ANS: A
Neurosyphilis and life-threatening hypersensitivities can develop without treatment. Syphilis
is caused by T. pallidum. Chlamydia is caused by C. trachomatis. Gonorrhea is caused by N.
gonorrhoeae. Chancroid is caused by H. ducreyi.
36-12. A 25-year-old sexually active male presents with urethritis and epididymitis, and is diagnosed
with the most common bacteria STI in the United States. What is this infection?
a. Gonorrhea
b. Syphilis
c. Chlamydia
d. Herpes
ANS: C
Chlamydia is the most common bacterial STI in the United States. It is associated with both
urethritis and epididymitis as well as being the leading cause of infertility for both men and
women. This is not true for syphilis or gonorrhea. Herpes is a virus.
36-13. An example of a parasitic sexually transmitted infection (STI) that is transmitted through
close skin-to-skin contact is:
a. Chlamydia.
b. syphilis.
c. scabies.
d. Gardnerella.
ANS: C
Scabies is a parasite that can be transmitted through sexual contact. Chlamydia is a bacteria.
Syphilis is a bacteria. Gardnerella is an anaerobe.
