Custom Advanced Patho Fall Semester 8-29-22

Question 1

Reversible response to physiologic (normal) and pathologic (adverse) changes.

Adaptations to pathological conditions are usually only temporarily successful

Answer 1

Cellular adaptation

Question 2

Adaptive changes (5 of them)

Answer 2

Atrophy
Hypertrophy
Hyperplasia
Dysplasia
Metaplasia

Question 3

Answer 3

Fookin look!

Question 4

Decrease in cell size
Decreases organ size if enough cells shrink

Physiologic
- Normal in early development

Pathologic
- Results from decreases in workload, pressure, use, blood supply, nutrition, hormonal/neural stimulation

Answer 4

Atrophy

Question 5

Increase in cell size
Increases organ size

Physiologic
- Results from increased demand, stimulation by hormones, growth factors

Pathologic
- Results from chronic hemodynamic overload

Answer 5

Hypertrophy

Question 6

Increase in number of cells
Increased rate of cellular division

Physiologic

• Compensatory—enables organs to regenerate
• Hormonal—in organs that respond to endocrine hormonal control

Pathologic
- Hormonal—abnormal proliferation of normal cells

Answer 6

Hyperplasia

Question 7

Abnormal changes in size, shape, organization of mature cells.
May be reversible if triggering stimulus is removed.
Tissue appears disorderly, but is not cancer.
- If changes penetrate basement membrane: invasive neoplasm

Answer 7

Dysplasia

Question 8

Reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another

Associated with tissue damage, repair, regeneration

Reprogramming of stem cells or undifferentiated mesenchymal cells

Answer 8

Metaplasia

Question 9

Answer 9

Fookin look!

Question 10

Occurs if cell unable to maintain homeostasis

Reversible
- Cells recover

Irreversible
- Cells die

Answer 10

Cellular Injury

Question 11

Answer 11

Observe.

Question 12

Which of the following is the most common cause of cellular injury?

A. Hypoxia
B. Chemical injury from drugs
C. Free radical–induced injury
D. Chemical injury from pollutants

Answer 12

Correct Answer: A

Hypoxia is caused by decreased oxygen in the environment, decreased hemoglobin, decreased red blood cells, or cardiovascular collapse and is the most common cause of cellular injury. Chemical injuries and free radicalinduced injuries are other types of cell injuries but are not the most common.