EX1 Q4&5 Flashcards
Where is the nuclear genome located and what is its function?
-Location: Cell nucleus.
-Function: Contains most of the genes responsible for plant growth, development, and metabolism.
Is the nuclear genome haploid or diploid?
diploid (2n)
What type of DNA is housed in the nuclear genome?
liner, double stranded
What is the function of the chloroplast genome?
Primarily responsible for photosynthesis
What type of DNA is housed in the chloroplast genome and how is it inherited and what is its ploidy level?
-Circular, double-stranded DNA.
-Maternal inheritance
-haploid (n)
What is the function of the mitochondrial genome?
Generates energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.
What type of DNA is housed in the mitochondrial genome? How is it inherited and what is its ploidy level?
-Circular, double-stranded DNA
-Maternal inheritance
-haploid (n)
How do chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA compensate for being haploid?
They have multiple copies of their genome in a single organelle.
Solute Potential (Ψs)
Represents the effect of solutes (dissolved substances) in a solution.
The presence of solutes ____ water potential, making it more ____ .
-reduces
-negative
Solute concentration and ____ ____ are inversely proportional.
-water potential
Pressure Potential (Ψp)
Represents the physical pressure applied to a solution.
Positive pressure potential ____ water potential, making it more ____.
-increases
-positive
Turgor pressure in plant cells pushes the cell membrane against the cell wall, increasing ____ ____.
-water potential
Gravitational Potential (Ψg)
Represents the influence of gravity on the height of water in a plant.
The effect of gravity ____ water potential as water moves upward, making it more ____
-reduces
-negative
As water moves against gravity through the plant’s vascular system, it requires energy, and this expenditure of energy ____ the water potential.
-lowers
Matric Potential
Represents the potential energy associated with the adhesion of water molecules to soil particles.
Matric potential in soils can vary widely but typically ____ water potential, making it more ____.
-reduces
-negative
Soil particles, especially fine ones, can retain water due to surface tension and capillary forces. Water held in the soil against gravity results in a ____ water potential, affecting a plant’s ability to extract water from the soil.
-lower
When matric potential is too ____ (i.e., soil is too dry), it becomes difficult for plant roots to extract water, leading to drought stress.
-negative
When soil matric potential is too ____ (i.e., waterlogged conditions), it restricts oxygen availability to plant roots, which can also stress the plant.
-positive
