EX1 Q4&5

Question 1

Where is the nuclear genome located and what is its function?

Answer 1

-Location: Cell nucleus.

-Function: Contains most of the genes responsible for plant growth, development, and metabolism.

Question 2

Is the nuclear genome haploid or diploid?

Answer 2

diploid (2n)

Question 3

What type of DNA is housed in the nuclear genome?

Answer 3

liner, double stranded

Question 4

What is the function of the chloroplast genome?

Answer 4

Primarily responsible for photosynthesis

Question 5

What type of DNA is housed in the chloroplast genome and how is it inherited and what is its ploidy level?

Answer 5

-Circular, double-stranded DNA.
-Maternal inheritance
-haploid (n)

Question 6

What is the function of the mitochondrial genome?

Answer 6

Generates energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.

Question 7

What type of DNA is housed in the mitochondrial genome? How is it inherited and what is its ploidy level?

Answer 7

-Circular, double-stranded DNA
-Maternal inheritance
-haploid (n)

Question 8

How do chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA compensate for being haploid?

Answer 8

They have multiple copies of their genome in a single organelle.

Question 9

Solute Potential (Ψs)

Answer 9

Represents the effect of solutes (dissolved substances) in a solution.

Question 10

The presence of solutes ____ water potential, making it more ____ .

Answer 10

-reduces
-negative

Question 11

Solute concentration and ____ ____ are inversely proportional.

Answer 11

-water potential

Question 12

Pressure Potential (Ψp)

Answer 12

Represents the physical pressure applied to a solution.

Question 13

Positive pressure potential ____ water potential, making it more ____.

Answer 13

-increases
-positive

Question 14

Turgor pressure in plant cells pushes the cell membrane against the cell wall, increasing ____ ____.

Answer 14

-water potential

Question 15

Gravitational Potential (Ψg)

Answer 15

Represents the influence of gravity on the height of water in a plant.

Question 16

The effect of gravity ____ water potential as water moves upward, making it more ____

Answer 16

-reduces
-negative

Question 17

As water moves against gravity through the plant’s vascular system, it requires energy, and this expenditure of energy ____ the water potential.

Answer 17

-lowers

Question 18

Matric Potential

Answer 18

Represents the potential energy associated with the adhesion of water molecules to soil particles.

Question 19

Matric potential in soils can vary widely but typically ____ water potential, making it more ____.

Answer 19

-reduces
-negative

Question 20

Soil particles, especially fine ones, can retain water due to surface tension and capillary forces. Water held in the soil against gravity results in a ____ water potential, affecting a plant’s ability to extract water from the soil.

Answer 20

-lower

Question 21

When matric potential is too ____ (i.e., soil is too dry), it becomes difficult for plant roots to extract water, leading to drought stress.

Answer 21

-negative

Question 22

When soil matric potential is too ____ (i.e., waterlogged conditions), it restricts oxygen availability to plant roots, which can also stress the plant.

Answer 22

-positive