EX1; Podcast - Nature of Radiation

Question 1

This is the production and emission of energy through space or a material medium

Answer 1

radiation

Question 2

What are the two types of radiation

Answer 2

particulate (corpuscular)

electromagnetic

Question 3

This type of radiation includes waves such as micro, X, UV, etc.

Answer 3

electromagnetic

Question 4

This type of radiation includes protons, neutrons, electrons, and α and β particles

Answer 4

particular (corpuscular)

Question 5

How is the electromagnetic spectrum organized

Answer 5

grouped according to wavelengths

Question 6

True or False

The waves of the electromagnetic spectrum contain no mass or electrical charge and travel at the speed of light

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Which wavelengths have a higher associated energies and frequencies

Answer 7

shorter

Question 8

Where in the electromagnetic spectrum do X-rays falls

Answer 8

between UV and gamma

Question 9

What can X-rays be described as

Answer 9

photons or packets or weightless bundles of energy

Question 10

What effect does X-rays have on biological molecules

Answer 10

ionization effects

Question 11

How are X-rays produced

Answer 11

highly accelerated electrons are suddenly brought to a stop by hitting a stationary object

Question 12

What is specifically converted to X-rays

Answer 12

the kinetic energy possessed by the high speed electrons

Question 13

The positive charge of the proton is equal to what

Answer 13

the negative charge of an electron

Question 14

The Z (atomic) number determines what of an element

Answer 14

the identity

Question 15

How are the electrons arranged around the nucleus of an atom

Answer 15

in definite energy levels (shells or orbits) outside the nucleus at varying distances

Question 16

What keeps the electrons in orbit

Answer 16

electrostatic attraction and centripetal force

Question 17

This is the attractive force that keeps electrons in their orbits

Answer 17

binding energy

Question 18

In which shell are the electrons most tightly bound

Answer 18

K shell = inner

the outer shell is where they are least bound

Question 19

In order to remove an electron from an orbit, what must occur

Answer 19

an energy greater than the binding energy must be supplied

Question 20

While moving an electron from the outer orbit (more energy) to the one closer to the nucleus, energy lost is in the form of what

Answer 20

electromagnetic radiation

Question 21

The electrons in which shells are invoked in x-ray production

Answer 21

K, L, an M

2, 8, 18

Question 22

What energy is associated with particulate radiation

Answer 22

kinetic energy

Question 23

Kinetic energy is directly related to what

Answer 23

mass and/or velocity of the particle

Question 24

Where is particulate radiation used clinically

Answer 24

in radiation therapy

Question 25

This is the rate of loss of energy of a particle as it moves along the its path in an absorber

Answer 25

linear energy transfer (LET)

Question 26

The higher the mass of a particle, effects the rate of transfer how

Answer 26

also have a high rate of transfer

Question 27

The high the charge of the particle, effects the ability to lose energy how

Answer 27

will lose their energy faster

Question 28

The faster the velocity of the particle, effects the distance traveled how

Answer 28

increasing the distance the molecule can travel

Question 29

These things also effect the liner energy transfer

Answer 29

chemical composition thickness density of absorber (directly related)

Question 30

This particle goes slightly into tissue

Answer 30

alpha

Question 31

This particle goes into tissue (but not very far)

Answer 31

beta

Question 32

This can go all the way through tissue and be recorded on an image receptor

Answer 32

X-ray

Question 33

How is energy transferred regarding electromagnetic radiation

Answer 33

transfer of energy through space as a combination of electrical and magnetic fields

Question 34

This theory states that energy (EMR) is transferred in the form of waves

Answer 34

wave theory

Question 35

How is energy using the wave theory measured and in which direction

Answer 35

measured in meters or x-rays in angstrom units | travels in all direction (360º) from source

Question 36

This theory states that energy (EMR) is transferred in form of bundles or packets of energy called photons (or quanta)

Answer 36

quantum theory

Question 37

How are the energy and velocity of an EMR related

Answer 37

directly

Question 38

How are the energy and wavelength of an EMR related

Answer 38

inversly