EX1; Podcast - Nature of Radiation Flashcards
This is the production and emission of energy through space or a material medium
radiation
What are the two types of radiation
particulate (corpuscular)
electromagnetic
This type of radiation includes waves such as micro, X, UV, etc.
electromagnetic
This type of radiation includes protons, neutrons, electrons, and α and β particles
particular (corpuscular)
How is the electromagnetic spectrum organized
grouped according to wavelengths
True or False
The waves of the electromagnetic spectrum contain no mass or electrical charge and travel at the speed of light
True
Which wavelengths have a higher associated energies and frequencies
shorter
Where in the electromagnetic spectrum do X-rays falls
between UV and gamma
What can X-rays be described as
photons or packets or weightless bundles of energy
What effect does X-rays have on biological molecules
ionization effects
How are X-rays produced
highly accelerated electrons are suddenly brought to a stop by hitting a stationary object
What is specifically converted to X-rays
the kinetic energy possessed by the high speed electrons
The positive charge of the proton is equal to what
the negative charge of an electron
The Z (atomic) number determines what of an element
the identity
How are the electrons arranged around the nucleus of an atom
in definite energy levels (shells or orbits) outside the nucleus at varying distances
What keeps the electrons in orbit
electrostatic attraction and centripetal force
This is the attractive force that keeps electrons in their orbits
binding energy
In which shell are the electrons most tightly bound
K shell = inner
the outer shell is where they are least bound
In order to remove an electron from an orbit, what must occur
an energy greater than the binding energy must be supplied
While moving an electron from the outer orbit (more energy) to the one closer to the nucleus, energy lost is in the form of what
electromagnetic radiation
The electrons in which shells are invoked in x-ray production
K, L, an M
2, 8, 18
What energy is associated with particulate radiation
kinetic energy
Kinetic energy is directly related to what
mass and/or velocity of the particle
Where is particulate radiation used clinically
in radiation therapy
This is the rate of loss of energy of a particle as it moves along the its path in an absorber
linear energy transfer (LET)
The higher the mass of a particle, effects the rate of transfer how
also have a high rate of transfer
The high the charge of the particle, effects the ability to lose energy how
will lose their energy faster
The faster the velocity of the particle, effects the distance traveled how
increasing the distance the molecule can travel
These things also effect the liner energy transfer
chemical composition
thickness
density of absorber
(directly related)
This particle goes slightly into tissue
alpha
This particle goes into tissue (but not very far)
beta
This can go all the way through tissue and be recorded on an image receptor
X-ray
How is energy transferred regarding electromagnetic radiation
transfer of energy through space as a combination of electrical and magnetic fields
This theory states that energy (EMR) is transferred in the form of waves
wave theory
How is energy using the wave theory measured and in which direction
measured in meters or x-rays in angstrom units
travels in all direction (360º) from source
This theory states that energy (EMR) is transferred in form of bundles or packets of energy called photons (or quanta)
quantum theory
How are the energy and velocity of an EMR related
directly
How are the energy and wavelength of an EMR related
inversly
