Ex1 L2 Normal Aging

Question 1

What is successful vs. usual aging according to Rowe and Kahn?

Answer 1

successful aging - little or no age-related decline in function

usual aging - normal decline in physical, social, and cognitive functioning with age

Question 2

What are the three components of successful aging?

Answer 2

1. avoidance of disease
2. maintenance of physical and cognitive function
3. active engagement with life (maintenance of autonomy and social support)

Question 3

Successful aging is due to what factors?

Answer 3

genetic, environmental, and psychosocial

Question 4

The more current definition of successful aging is that…

Answer 4

aging doesn’t have to be without decline, deterioration just has to be minimal enough that function is maintained

Question 5

What are Blue Zones?

Answer 5

areas where there is a longer healthspan/lifespan due to time outside, walkability, diet with lots of healthy fats and plants

Question 6

What were the MacArthur studies?

Answer 6

study that said interventions of aging should have a psychosocial or behavioral aspect

Question 7

What are the three top age-associated physiological changes?

Answer 7

• physiological rhythms
• loss of complexity
• homeostenosis (frailty)

Question 8

What happens to physiological rhythms with age?

Answer 8

they often shift or become less prevalent (amplitude of peaks and dips gets lesser)

Question 9

What happens to complexity with age?

Answer 9

In aging there are less complex outputs from control systems/feedback loops, leading to degeneration of tissues/organs and communication systems.
Overall leads to decreased ability to adapt to stresses.

Question 10

What is complexity?

Answer 10

networks of control systems and feedback loops maintain homeostasis by producing “complex” (or chaotic) output - creates the ability to adapt to stresses

Question 11

What is homeostenosis?

Answer 11

decreased ability to maintain homeostasis under stress due to stenosis (“narrowing”) of the physiologic reserves. As a result, stressors might exceed the reserves and the body can no longer maintain homeostasis under the stress.

Question 12

What is frailty?

Answer 12

a clinically recognizable state of increased vulnerability resulting from aging-associated decline in reserve and function across multiple physiologic systems such that the ability to cope with everyday or acute stressors is compromised

Question 13

Homeostenosis contributes to…

Answer 13

frailty