Ex. 6 Evolution and Classification

Question 1

what are the 7 different lines of evidence for macroevolution?

Answer 1

1. fossil record
2. molecular sequence data
3. structural homology
4. developmental similarity
5. vestigial structures
6. convergent evolution
7. patterns of plant and animal distributions

Question 2

what are the 4 types of fossil preservation?

Answer 2

1. impression (no organic matter left)
2. compression (some organic matter left)
3. petrification (plant tissues replaced with minerals)
4. amber (fossilized plant sap)

Question 3

what are the 3 domains of organisms?

Answer 3

1. eubacteria “true bacteria”
2. archaea
3. eukarya (plants, animals, fungi, amoebozoans)

Question 4

what kind of organisms were the earliest forms of life?

Answer 4

cyanobacteria (domain eukarya)

Question 5

what are thermophiles?

Answer 5

archaea that inhabit extreme habitats (ex. very hot springs)

Question 6

what are the layers of rock from oldest to most recent? (this is called stratigraphy)

Answer 6

precambrian (oldest)
cambrian
devonian
mississippian
pennsylvanian
permian (newest)

Question 7

how old is the earth?

Answer 7

4.6 billion years

Question 8

how is geologic time broken down? into what categories?

Answer 8

eons
eras
periods
epochs 
* based on stratigraphy and dating of rock sequences*

Question 9

synapomorphies

Answer 9

shared derived characters

Question 10

clade

Answer 10

a group of organisms and includes the ancestor and all of its descendants

Question 11

what are the four main eons

Answer 11

phanerozoic (0-542)
proterozoic (542-2500)
archaean (2500-4000)
hadean (4000-4600)