Ex. 2 Basic Plant Cell Types and Features

Question 1

cell

Answer 1

life’s fundamental unit of structure and function

Question 2

tissue

Answer 2

an integrated group of cells with a common function, structure, or both

Question 3

organelle

Answer 3

one of several formed bodies with specialized functions suspended in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells

Question 4

meristem

Answer 4

plant tissue that remains embryonic as long as the plant lives allowing for indeterminate growth

Question 5

plastid

Answer 5

manufacture or store food
-includes chloroplasts, chromoplasts (colored carotenoids of red/yellow/orange), and amyloplasts/leucoplasts (colorless, for storing oil or starch)

Question 6

parenchyma

Answer 6

(general) cells are alive when functional; may contain chloroplasts or serve in storage; found throughout plant body

Question 7

collenchyma

Answer 7

(supportive) cells are alive when functional; a flexible plant cell type that supports young parts of the plant without restraining growth

Question 8

Sclerenchyma

Answer 8

(supportive) cells are dead when functional; a rigid supportive plant cell type, which possesses thick secondary walls and is strengthened by lignin at maturity (ex. pear flesh or nutshells)

Question 9

xylem

Answer 9

(conducting cells/vascular) 
made of mostly dead cells 
*functions in the long distance transport of water/minerals from roots to shoots 
-tracheids
-vessel elements

Question 10

phloem

Answer 10

(conducting cells/vascular)
living cells that transports sugar and other organic nutrients throughout the plant
-sieve cells/sieve tube elements

Question 11

In C4 plants, the Calvin cycle is carried out in
_____________; CO2 is captured and processed
during the C4 cycle in ___________.

Answer 11

bundle-sheath cells; mesophyll cells

Question 12

What is the main limitation of cell size?

Answer 12

diffusion

Question 13

what are the 4 cell types in xylem?

Answer 13

1.Tracheary elements-the
water conducting cells
(two types: tracheids
and vessel elements)

2. parenchyma
3. fibers

Question 14

what are the 4 cell types in primary phloem?

Answer 14

1. sieve tube
members (STM)
2. companion cells (CC)
3. parenchyma cells
4. fibers

Question 15

rhizosphere

Answer 15

• the soil layer that surrounds actively growing roots
• The rhizosphere is rich in microbial populations that aid in decomposition
• phloem feeds to rhizosphere

Question 16

phloem movement is generated by

Answer 16

Plant generated, by movement of solutes at sources

-pushed up or down

Question 17

xylem movement is generated by

Answer 17

Driven by environment, difference in hydration between soil and air
-pulled up

Question 18

phloem cell anatomy

Answer 18

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, SER, mitochondria

Question 19

xylem cell anatomy

Answer 19

cell wall

Question 20

how many layers are in a leaf? what are they?

Answer 20

1. upper epidermis
2. palisade
3. spongy
4. lower epidermis