EWT: Misleading Informations

Question 1

Describe a study detailing the effects of leading questions on EWT

Answer 1

Loftus and Palmer: Asked how fast a car was going when they __ into each other. When shown a video of a car hitting another car.

Results
Smashed gave a speed estimate 8.7mph greater than those who heard contacted

Question 2

What are the 2 theorys of the reasoning behind Loftus and Palmers results

Answer 2

Response bias: Participants only answered a certain way to match the phrasing on the question

Substitution explaination: Supported by the fact the participants who heard the word smashed wer emore likely to report seeing broken glass 2 weeks later

Question 3

Describe a study on the effect of discussion on EWT

Answer 3

Gabbert et al (2003): Used a matched-pairs design, showed participants a film clip of the same crime scene but with different details for each member, they disussed what happened then the participant was asked to relay what happened.

Result 71% innaccuacy rate compared to 0% control group

Question 4

Give evaluate misleading information studies

Answer 4

• Own-age bias: They often use a young person to identify and young participants, resulting in own-age bias as argued by Anastasi and Rhodes.
  T: Low internal validity
• Demand characteristics: Zaragosa and McCloskey argued that participants want to be as attentive as possible, when in doubt of a question they may make something up that is plausible.
  T: Low internal validity
• Artificial tasks: Loftus Palmer and Gabbert created conditions without anxiety thus is different from real life.
  T: Low external valdity