Coding, Capacity and Duration of Memory

Question 1

What is coding primarily in short-term and long-term memory, and who found this out?

Answer 1

Accoustic in short term, semantic in long term

Baddley (1966): More mistakes are made when recalling accoustically similar learneds straight after learning, more mistakes are made in semantically similar words a long time after learning them.

Question 1

Coding definition

Answer 1

The format of information which is stored in each memory store

Question 2

What was the result of Jacobs test

Answer 2

The mean letter span was 7.3, the mean digit span was 9.3

Question 3

What was Peterson and Peterson et al (1959) test and results

Answer 3

DURATION OF STM
24 undergrads were asked to retain trigrams at incrementing times of 3 seconds going from 3-30.

Result: 18-30 seconds

Question 4

What was Bahricks (1975)s tests and results

Answer 4

396 participants between 15 and 46 years after graduating were asking to recall peoples names from their faces in a yearbook

Results: decrease from 90% to 70% from 15 to 46

Question 5

Give 3 negatives of STM LTM research

Answer 5

• Lack of standardization: Lack of standardization in historical research such as Jacobs.
  T: Invalid data
• Low mundane realism: Petersen and Miller both used artifitial stimuli, limits generalisability
  T: Low external validity
• Contradictory Research: More recent research has shown that the capacity is more similar to 4 than the suggested 5-9 limit, reflects on outdated methodologies.
  T: Conclusion is not credible

Question 6

Give 1 positive of STM LTM research

Answer 6

+ Bahrick used meaningful stimuli: As he used a real yearbook, so his study has high mundane realism
T: High external validity