EWT Flashcards
Loftus did
The car crash study into misleading information
And the weapon focus theory
Deffenbacher
The inverted U hypothesis. He performed a meta analysis of 21 studies into anxiety in order to create the diagram
Christiansen and Hubinette
Interviewed real bank robbery. The increased arousal seemed to increase awareness and recall.
Kohnken et al did what?
A meta analysis of 55 studies comparing the standard police interview to the cognitive one.
What did Kohnken find?
The CI produced not only more accurate recall but that age had seeming no baring on it as well. If they were personally involved then recall was better. The longer they waited to do the CI the weaker to recall accuracy.
Geiselman and Fisher did what?
Designed the enhanced CI.
The CI uses 4 elements. What?
. Context reinstatement
. Narrative order
. Perspective changes (asking what others have seen)
. Reporting on everything
What is the CI based on?
The encoding specificity principle (Tulving)
The 4 components of CI are
Change of narrative
Change of perspective
Mental reinstatement
Reporting everything
. These are in no particular order
Problem with the ECI
Prone to making more confabulations
Difference between the CI and ECI
Open ended questions
Less rushed
Reduces anxiety
No unnecessary interruptions
Fisher et al found that
The ECI performed far better than the SPI
Loftus’ 5 words were
Contacted, hit, bumped, collided and smashed
Bartlett
The role of schemas overlapping
He did the study of western particpants trying to memorise a native American ghost story
Bartlett’s results…
The particpants often distorted and replaced details in the story with culturally familiar things
Gabbert et al did what?
Investigated post event discussion. 60 University of Aberdeen students.
They all watched the same footage of a girl stealing money from a wallet.
There was a control group and the other was tested in pairs. They were told they’d seen the same footage however they had actually had different perspectives of the same crime. The pairs discussed what they had seen
. They all completed questionnaires testing their memory
Gabbert found what?
71% of the witnesses in the co-witness condition recalled information they could not have seen.
60% said the girl was guilty even though they hadn’t even seen the crime
Gabbert did not conclude however….
How the memories were distorted. Did people assimilate information into their own or were they unable to distinguish between others and their perspectives due to conformity
Gabbert’s study has a possible confounding variable
Conformity is possible, instead of distortion, maybe informational.
Loftus had __ university participants
45 only
