Evolving Human Landscape Flashcards
The decline of the old economy
Dinningham was mainly primary with lots of coal miners and when the coal mines closed bous followed their fathers and became engineers and electricians in the mine
Most people had to commute to work instead of working locally
Why did the north suffer with the primary and secondary services
Coal wasexpensive to mine, because it was deep. Little coal is produced in the region now.
Steel suffered from cheap overseas competition.in 2015 the steelworks at Redcar was closed.
• Shipbuilding and engineering collapsed when Asian lding countries began tobuild cheaper larger ships.
Properties of the rural economy
people can use TI ot work anywhere, any time
• people work with colleagues elsewhere that they’ve never met!
• companies avoid paying for expensive citycentre offices (annual rents can be £450 per squaremetre,
Advantages and disadvantages of telecommunications
Advantages
Better health: peoplet take breaks during the day
•No commuting - lowerstress. less traffic congestion
Less absences and sickness •
Parents work at home,saving
money on child-care •
suits disabled people as they don’t have to travel
Disadvantages
Isolation from work colleagues andless contact with your boss
•Its sometimes difficultt and motivate
and organise yourself to work
How has privatisation occurred in the Uk
Infrastructure. Many UK energy industries are overseas-owned, as are some water and rail companies.
• Local council services. You pay Council Tax for rubbish collection, but your rubbishwill be collected by a private company, e.g. Aeolia or Serco.
• The NHS. Although governmentfunds the NHS, many se rvices are contracted to private companies to dothe work,
How is London so connected
Internationallv.London has the world’s second biggest international airport at Heathrow
Nationally, the UK’s fastest rail services link London and major UK cities.
Manchester and Birmingham each have three fast services an hour.
Regionally, most major roads and motorways lead to London, linking it with other major cities. It’s a radical network where most roads converge in London
Properties of skilled and unskilled migrants
Skilled -take u well paid jobs in the knowledge economy in the city most migrants in the sector are white and professionals from EU and USA
Unskilled
Many do-jobs unwanted by UK
workers Many ofthese
come from theEU, but also from India,
Pakistan, Bangladesh, and increasingly
West Africa.
What do ethnic clusters help with
Help defend migrants against discrimination
Support ethnic shops and services
Help preserve cultural distinctiveness by developing cultural festivals
How did the closure of docks impact londona buisness
Industries that relied on ports had to move and close this caused deindustrialiseation
These closures had massive impacts on communities and lead to parts of London having unemployment rates of over 60 %, these areas then suffered depopulation as people left to find work
How did suburban growth become possible
London a underground opened in 1863 and by 1930 the network was established meaning office workers could be in the city in under 30 mins
The electrification of the surface rail made travel beyond London faster
How does London grow
Counter urbanisation
People moving back to Home Counties that already surrounded London made the boundaries between city and countryside more blurred
Suburbanisation
Moving from London suburbs meaning moving into a bigger house meaning would take up more space
Why has London reurbanised
The closure of londons dock has made space for redevelopment
Math higher income earners now live closer to work than commuting ,this makes many former working class areas in London become genrtrified
Studification -the unis in the areas brings employments via teachers and students spending money on shops and accommodations
How did rebranding affect londons environmental and ecomic opportunities
Environmental changes
Olympic parks quality was improved
The increasing population means the green space is being pressured for housing
Economic
It’s growing economy creates jobs which attracts people
The demand for housing and offices means londons construction industry is booming
What are the 5 ways London can become more sustainable
Transport
London introduced the congestion charge in 2003,charging motorists for daytime travel to the city
Since 2012-all London busses have been hybrid lessening the co2 emotions
Employment
Many companies are encouraging people to work home 1-2 days a week
And introducing flexible work hours that’s help people avoid rush hour
Housing
FIRST STEPS is a programme organised by the mayor that helps low income London eaners to buy a house through shared ownership you’ll buy 25-50%and rent the remainder
Green spaces
The loss of rural scenery is beloved to be as serious as the loss of wildlife
Many people wonder if londons green belt can and should survive due to it belive close to London and great for housing
Recycling
Reusing waste
Proving assessable recyclable and compost service
Providing recycling bins all over the city
Why are areas outside of London so accsesable
• The railway station at Hatfield everel is five minute’ drive away, with trains
taking 45 minutes to London.
• Afive-minute drive also takes you to the A12, which linksLondon and Colchester.
• Chelmsford is just seven miles away. Its supermarkets, shops and services have meant reductions in Terling’s own services.
