Evolution: The History Of The Earth And Life

Question 0

How in an ion created?

Answer 0

If the number of electrons change

Question 1

How is a new element produced?

Answer 1

When its number of protons change

Question 2

How is a neutron created

Answer 2

If the neutron number changes

Question 3

What causes an element to be radioactive

Answer 3

If the diff. # of neutrons makes the isotopes unstable, the nucleus will disintegrate. Unstable nuclei make elements unstable

Question 4

What are the radioactive particles

Answer 4

Alpha a and Beta B

Question 5

What is an index fossil

Answer 5

Fossils of organisms that existed only during specific spans of time and lived in large geographic areas

Question 6

How is radiometric dating measured

Answer 6

By observing the breakdown of isotopes in an element over time; half lives

Question 7

Amount of time it takes for half an unstable isotope to decay

Answer 7

Half life

Question 8

One half life is

Answer 8

5730

Question 9

__________ involves comparing the ages of different fossils according to their order in rock layers

Answer 9

Relative dating

Question 10

__________ uses measures of half lives to determine the actual age of a material

Answer 10

Radiometric dating

Question 11

Time eras in order from most recent to farthest back in time

Answer 11

Cenozoic, Mesozoic, Paleozoic, Precambrian

Question 12

What is the most wildly excepted hypothesis of earths orgins

Answer 12

The solar system formed a cloud of dust and gas called a nebula. Gravity pulled the material in the nebula together into a large disc that circled the sun. Over millions of years, this material attatched to one other, gathering and forming planets.

Question 13

Early earth was

Answer 13

Molten

Question 14

Miller-Urey experiment showed

Answer 14

That organic molecules could have formed on the early earth from inorganic molecules

Question 15

Meteorite hypothesis suggests

Answer 15

That organic molecules might have arrived on earth through meteorites or may have been present when the earth was formed

Question 16

Early cell structure: Bringing together organic molecules theory

Answer 16

Hot gases rising from the oceans floor formed rocky structures when met by cold water. Organic molecules settled into the nooks on these structures, possibly forming the first cells

Question 17

Early cell structure: forming a lipid membrane hypothesis

Answer 17

The membrane enclosed spheres that lipid molecules form into may have at some point formed a double membrane. These membranes could then form various organic molecules, and later give rise to the first true cells.

Question 18

Cyanobacteria:

Answer 18

Bacteria that conduct photosynthesis

Question 19

Endosymbiosis:

Answer 19

A relationship in which one organism lives within the body of another, and both benefit.

Question 20

Endosymbiosis is based on the fact that

Answer 20

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA

Question 21

Sexual reproduction & multicellular life

Answer 21

Cells living close together to benefit one other may have evolved into multicellular life. Sexual reproduction offers genetic variation, making offspring less susceptible to the same diseases, therein by increasing the offsprings chance of life and reproduction

Question 22

What type of cell evolved through endosymbiosis

Answer 22

Eukaryotic

Question 23

Biogenesis:

Answer 23

All living things come from other living things

Question 24

Spontaneous generation:

Answer 24

The belief that living things could arise from nonliving things

Question 25

Redi’s experiment

Answer 25

Flies

Question 26

Fossils

Answer 26

Traces of organisms that existed in the past.

Question 27

Catastrophism:

Answer 27

The idea that past natural disaster shaped land forms and caused species to become extinct in the process

Question 28

Gradualism:

Answer 28

The idea that landforms were shaped by very slow changes over a long period of time

Question 29

Favored theory of geologic change that helped develop Darwin’s theory

Answer 29

Uniformitarianism: the idea that the same process which shaped landforms in the past still shapes them today.

Question 30

One example of evidence from Darwin’s travels that supports an ancient earth:

Answer 30

His finding of marine fossils up in the andes mountains

Question 31

An adaption Darwin noticed

Answer 31

Different beaks of finches

Question 32

Artificial selection

Answer 32

Human breeding for best qualities

Question 33

Natural selection

Answer 33

Most favorable qualities live while others die off