Cell Organelles Flashcards
What does the cell membrane do
Allows substances to enter and exit the cell
What is the plasma (cell) membrane
The selectively permeable barrier on the outside of the cell
How does the cell membrane select which substances can enter and exit the cell
The substances are selected based on their size and polarity
What is the Cato plasm
It the the fluid on the inside of the cell membrane that all of the cell contents are suspended in
What is the nucleus
It is the control center of the cell
What does the nucleus do
It houses and protects the DNA in the cell
Where is the nucleolus
In the nucleus
What does the nucleolus do
It makes ribosomes
What is the nuclear envelope
The barrier around the nucleus
What does the nuclear envelope do
Protects the nucleus and has small holes that allow substances to enter and leave the nucleus
What are chromosomes
Structures in the nucleus of a dividing cell
What are chromosomes made of
DNA & protein
What do ribosomes do
Make protein
What is the mitochondria
The power house of the cell
What does the Mitochondria do
It is the cite of cell energy (ATP) production and it has its own DNA
What is the ER
Tubes in the cell that transport cellular substances
What is the smooth ER
ER without ribosomes
What does the smooth ER do
It builds lipids and detoxifies drugs and poisons in the liver
What kind of lipids does the smooth ER make
Testosterone & Estrogen
Where does the smooth ER build lipids
In the ovaries and testes
What is the rough ER
ER studded with ribosomes
What does the rough ER do
It makes parks of the cell membrane & proteins
Where is the rough ER
it is found in cells that produce posts of enzymes and proteins (example: pancreas)
What is the Golgi Apparatus
Receives newly made proteins and lipids and exports them out of the cell after modifying them
What are lysosomes
They contain digestive enzymes that break down large molecules (fats, proteins, carbs, DNA) they also break down sick cells
What is the cytoskeleton
A network of thin tubes and filaments
What does the cytoskeleton do
It provides network support and transports substances along the tubes and filaments
What are cilia and flagella
Hair like structures that assist in movement
What are cilia and flagella made of
Protein.
What are centrioles
Short cylinders/ tubes that assist in cellular division
What is a cell wall
A protective barrier in plant cells that give plants shape
What are cell walls made of
Cellulose
What is a large central vacuole
It stores fluid in plant cells
What is a prokaryotic cell
Bacteria cells
What does a prokaryotic cell have/ not have
Has: ribosomes, enzymes, cell wall, cytoplasm, cell membrane
Doesn’t have: a nucleus or membrane bound organelles
Eukaryotic cells
All cells except bacteria, has a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
What is the cell theory
1) all cells come from other cells
2) cells are the basic unit of life
3) all organisms are composed of cells
Plant cells are what type of cell
Eukaryotic cells
What do plant cells have/ don’t have
Have: chloroplasts, cell walls, large central vacuoles & mitochondria
Don’t have: centrolies & lysosomes
