Evolution review Flashcards
Steps of natural selection
- Variation
- Overproduction
- Competition
- Survival
- Reproduction
- Generations
Sources of variation
Mutation and sexual reproduction
Lamarck
Believed acquired traits were passed on
Darwin
Believed survival of the fittest
Agents of evolutionary change
- Genetic drift
- Gene flow
- Mutation
- Non-random mating
- Selection
2pq
Heterozygous genotype
p^2
Homozygous dominant genotype
q^2
Homozygous recessive genotype
Founder effect
a small group splinters off and starts a new colony with a random new gene pool
Bottleneck effect
a disaster reduces the population to a limited gene pool
Fossil evidence for evolution
transitional fossils show evolution
Artificial selection evidence for evolution
can select for a trait, can also occur naturally
Homologous structures
morphological evidence, imply a common ancestor
Analogous structures
morphological evidence, implies similar evolution
Convergent evolution
two species are similar morphologically not because they are related but because the evolved in the same environment
Vestigial structures
morphological evidence, structures that have disappeared or become useless over time
Molecular (DNA) evidence for evolution
shows similarities in protein codes which indicates genetic similarities
