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AP Exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

Dehydration synthesis

A

forming, synthesis, anabolic, endergonic

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2
Q

Hydrolysis

A

breaking, digestion, catabolic, exergonic

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3
Q

Carbohydrate bond

A

glycosidic linkages

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4
Q

Lipid bond

A

ester bonds

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5
Q

Unsaturated fats

A

double bond, liquid at room temp

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6
Q

Saturated fats

A

single carbon bonds, solid at room temp

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7
Q

Nucleic acid bond

A

phosphodiester bonds in backbone, hydrogen bonds in bases

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8
Q

Protein bond

A

peptide bond and disulfide bridges

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9
Q

Amino acid parts

A

carboxyl (COOH), amino group (NH2), central carbon, variable R group

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10
Q

Nucleic acid monomer parts

A

sugar, phosphate, and base

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11
Q

Primary protein structure

A

amino acid chain

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12
Q

Secondary protein structure

A

alpha helix (hydrogen bonds)

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13
Q

Tertiary protein structure

A

globular mass

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14
Q

Quaternary structure

A

more than one polypeptide folding

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15
Q

Simple diffusion

A

passive, from high to low concentration, small and uncharged ex. O2, CO2

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16
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

passive, from high to low, large and polar molecules

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17
Q

Active transport

A

transports molecules from low to high, uses ATP

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18
Q

Water potential

A

water moves from high to low water potential

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19
Q

Hypertonic

A

high solute

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20
Q

Hypotonic

A

low solute

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21
Q

Isotonic

A

equal solute and water

22
Q

Competitive inhibition

A

competing for active site

23
Q

Non-competitive inhibition

A

attaches at allosteric site and changes active site

24
Q

Coenzymes

A

organic molecules helping enzymes

25
Q

Cofactors

A

inorganic molecules helping enzymes

26
Q

Light independent reactions

A

the calvin cycle

27
Q

Oxidative phosphorylation

A

electron transport chain

28
Q

Substrate-level phosphorylation

A

glycolysis and the krebs/citric acid cycle

29
Q

Cytokinesis in animal cells

A

cleavage of membranes

30
Q

Cytokinesis in plant cells

A

cell plate reforms new cell wall

31
Q

Cell-mediated responses

A

cytotoxic T cells target pathogens in cells

32
Q

Humoral responses

A

B cells produce antibodies against specific antigens

33
Q

Nuclear division

A

when no cytokinesis occurs and the cell has extra genetic material now

34
Q

Polarized neuron

A

Na(+) outside, K(+) and Cl(-) inside

35
Q

Mendel’s laws

A

Law of dominance, segregation, and independent assortment

36
Q

Homologous pairs

A

chromosomes of same structural features

37
Q

Sister chromatids

A

identical half of a chromosome

38
Q

Incomplete dominance

A

traits are blended

39
Q

Codominance

A

recessive trait is not fully masked ex. spotting

40
Q

Epistasis

A

one gene effects the expression of another

41
Q

Polygenic

A

many genes affect one trait

42
Q

Nondisjunction

A

the failure of chromosomes to separate at anaphase of meiosis

43
Q

DNA building

A

DNA is made in the 5’ to 3’ direction

44
Q

Central dogma

A

DNA-RNA-protein-trait

45
Q

Lytic cycle

A

viruses reproduce in a cell then rupture and move to new cells

46
Q

Retrovirus

A

use reverse transcriptase to create RNA-DNA-protein-trait

47
Q

Mutualism

48
Q

Commensalism

49
Q

Parasitism

50
Q

Predation

AP Bio (7 decks)

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