Evolution pop genetics

Question 1

Natural Selection

Answer 1

The process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. the theory of its action was first fully expounded b Charles Darwin and is now believed to be the main process that brings about evolution

Question 2

Sexual selection

Answer 2

Natural selection arising through preference by one sex for certain characteristics in individuals of the other sex

Question 3

Artificial selection

Answer 3

The intentional reproduction of individuals in a population that have desirable traits. In organism that reproduce sexually, two adults that possess a desired trait - such as two parent plants that are tall - are bred together

Question 4

Genetic Drift

Answer 4

Occurs whenever the pop size is not infinite, through random chance gene frequencies change from generation even when all of HW assumption are satisfied

Question 5

Gene flow

Answer 5

Transfer of the genetic variation from one pop to another

Question 6

Found effect

Answer 6

The reduced genetic diversity which results when a pop is descended from a small number of colonizing ancestors

Question 7

Bottleneck effect

Answer 7

Sharp reduction in the size of the pop due to environmental events or human activities

Question 8

Mutation

Answer 8

The perm alteration of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of the organism

Question 9

Hardy weinberg assumptions

Answer 9

Pop is very large, pop is isolated from gene flow, no net mutation, individuals mate randomly, no natural selection

Question 10

HW equation

Answer 10

Null model - p+q=1

Question 11

Q

Answer 11

allelic frequency of recessive allele

Question 12

P

Answer 12

allelic frequency of dominant allele

Question 13

q2

Answer 13

expected genotypic frequency of aa

Question 14

p2

Answer 14

expected frequency of genotype AA

Question 15

what is the value of the h-w theorm

Answer 15

the hw equilibrium represents a null model against which we can test observations to see whether evolution is occurring

Question 16

a population of cheetahs was reduced to only 20 the population rebounded, but the genetic diversity didnt, this is an example of

Answer 16

population bottleneck

Question 17

a populations allele freuency randomly changed b/t generations this describes….

Answer 17

genetic drift

Question 18

A small group of individuals from a pop founded a new habitat and their allele frequencies did not mirror that of the parent generation. what has occurred

Answer 18

founder effect

Question 19

microevolution

Answer 19

a change in allele frequencies b/t generations within a population