Evolution of Theories of Management

Question 1

act of getting people together to accomplish desired goals and objectives using available resources efficiently and effectively.

Answer 1

Management

Question 2

Who said that “Management is a distinct
process consisting of planning, organizing,
actuating and controlling, performed to determine and accomplish stated objectives by the use of human beings and other resources.”

Answer 2

George R. Terry

Question 3

“To manage is to forecast and to plan, to organize, to command, to coordinate and to control”

Answer 3

Henry Fayol

Question 4

“Management is a multi-purpose organ that manage business and manages managers and manages workers and work.”

Answer 4

Peter Drucker

Question 4

“Management is the art of getting things done through people.

Answer 4

Mary Parker Fallett

Question 4

The Industrial Revolution revolves around maximizing efficiency and production. Centralized leadership simplifies decision-making, and a meritocratic chain of commands provides order and oversight.

Answer 4

Classical Management Theory

Question 4

Addresses the organization’s human and social elements

Answer 4

Behavioral Management Theory

Question 5

Followed on the heels of World War II and combines mathematical principles with sociology to develop holistic approaches to management.

Answer 5

Modern Management Theory

Question 6

It help organizations to focus, communicate, and evolve. It allows leadership to focus on their main goals. It automatically streamlines the top priorities for the organization when implemented. It also allows us to better communicate with people we work with which in turn allows us to work more efficiently.

Answer 6

Management theories

Question 6

They began to focus on optimizing the worker-task mix, which laid the foundation for modern management techniques.

Answer 6

Managers

Question 6

It led to a shift from small-scale crafts production to large-scale mechanized manufacturing. This change created new challenges for managers, who needed to find ways to improve efficiency and manage social problems within their organizations.

Answer 6

Industrial Revolution

Question 6

What year does the Industrial Revolution brought extraordinary change to the workplace and forever transformed the way companies operate?

Answer 6

Late 1700s to the early 1900s

Question 7

He developed and published his Scientific Management Theory in 1909.

Answer 7

Frederick Winslow Taylor

Question 8

father of scientific management, believed that efficiency could be increased by studying and redesigning the work process.

Answer 8

Frederick Winslow Taylor

Question 8

Tasks should be completed as ______

Answer 8

efficiently as possible

Question 8

Everyone should be assigned a particular job based on their

Answer 8

skills and abilities

Question 9

refined Taylor’s scientific management techniques by breaking down tasks into individual actions and analyzing them for efficiency.

Answer 9

The Gilbreths

Question 10

The study of how to create an organizational structure that leads to high efficiency and effectiveness.

Answer 10

Administrative Management Theory

Question 11

considered to be highly relevant even today. While scientific management focused on improving the efficiency of individual tasks, other researchers were studying how to create efficient organizational structures.

Answer 11

Administrative Management Theory

Question 12

Who developed the Administrative Management Theory and what year

Answer 12

Henri Fayol in the early 1900s

Question 12

developed the principles of bureaucracy to help Germany manage its growing industrial
enterprises during the industrial revolution.

Answer 12

Max Weber

Question 12

These principles aimed to create an efficient and effective system of organization and administration

Answer 12

Bureaucratic Management Theory

Question 13

The study of how managers should behave in order to motivate employees and encourage them to perform at high levels and be committed to the achievement of organizational goals.

Answer 13

Behavioural Management Theory

Question 14

a pioneer in management theory, emphasized the human side of organizations.

Answer 14

Mary Parker Follett

Question 15

She believed that workers should participate in job analysis and decision-making, as they possess valuable knowledge about their tasks.

Answer 15

Mary Parker Follett

Question 16

believed that all early management theories only focused on how money affects employee performance. There were more factors that influenced how employees behaved and performed at work.

Answer 16

Elton Mayo

Question 16

Centered around human interactions and relationships.

Answer 16

HUMAN RELATIONS MANAGEMENT THEORY

Question 16

revealed that factors like leadership style and group dynamics significantly influence worker performance.

Answer 16

The Hawthorne studies

Question 16

The finding that a manager’s behaviour or leadership approach can affect workers’ level of performance.

Answer 16

Hawthorne Effect

Question 17

The study of the factors that have an impact on how individuals and groups respond to and act in organizations.

Answer 17

Organizational Behaviour

Question 18

The system of behavioural rules and norms that emerge in a group.

Answer 18

Informal Organization

Question 18

Advocates of the idea that supervisors be behaviourally trained to manage subordinates in ways that elicit their cooperation and increase their productivity.

Answer 18

Human Relations Movement

Question 19

Uses data and quantitative methods to optimize decision-making and efficiency.

Answer 19

Management Science Theory

Question 19

Organizations function as interconnected systems, where changes in one part affect the whole.

Answer 19

General Systems Theory

Question 19

Theory X views employees as needing control, while Theory Y sees them as self motivated.

Answer 19

X and Y Management Theory

Question 19

Organizations must adapt to external factors like competition and regulations for success.

Answer 19

Organizational Environment Theory

Question 20

biologist Ludwig von Bertalanffy created his General Systems Theory. Ludwig von Bertalanffy believed your body is the sum of all parts.

Answer 20

1940

Question 21

The X&Y management theory is proposed by management theorist Douglas McGregor in his 1960 book

Answer 21

"The Human Side of Enterprise."

Question 22

based on close supervision, intimidation, and immediate punishment.

Answer 22

hard approach

Question 22

proposed two contrasting sets of assumptions about work attitudes and behaviors, known as Theory X and Theory Y. These assumptions influence how managers think and act in organizations.

Answer 22

Douglas McGregor

Question 22

characterized by leniency and less strict rules in hopes for creating high workplace morale and cooperative employees.

Answer 22

soft approach

Question 22

believe that employees are inherently motivated to work and value the importance of helping their employees to thrive by providing opportunities for learning and development.

Answer 22

Theory Y Managers

Question 23

The average employee is lazy, dislikes work, and will try to do as little as possible. To ensure that employees work hard, managers should closely supervise employees.

Answer 23

Theory X

Question 24

Employees are not inherently lazy. Given the chance, employees will do what is good for the organization. To allow employees to work in the organization's interest, managers must create a work setting that provides opportunities for workers to exercise initiative and self-direction.

Answer 24

Theory Y

Question 25

Applies mathematical models and statistical analysis to improve managerial decision-making and efficiency.

Answer 25

Quantitative Management

Question 26

Focuses on optimizing processes, resource allocation, and production efficiency through analytical techniques.

Answer 26

Operations Management

Question 26

Integrates technology and data management to support decision-making, streamline operations, and enhance organizational performance.

Answer 26

Management Information Systems

Question 26

A continuous improvement approach that emphasizes quality in every aspect of organizational processes to meet customer satisfaction.

Answer 26

Total Quality Management

Question 27

Extensively used in engineering management to optimize resource allocation, production planning, and scheduling.

Answer 27

Linear Programming

Question 28

Employed to mimic real-world systems or processes, allowing engineers to study system behavior under various scenarios and identify optimal strategies.

Answer 28

Simulation

Question 29

Applied to minimize inventory costs while ensuring adequate supply.

Answer 29

Inventory Management

Question 30

Aid in analyzing waiting lines and optimizing service processes, crucial in industries like manufacturing and service operations.

Answer 30

Queuing Theory

Question 31

Assist in project scheduling, resource allocation, and risk management, ensuring projects are completed within budget and on schedule.

Answer 31

Project Management

Question 32

Benefits of Management Science Theories

Answer 32

* Improved decision-making based on quantitative analysis and data-driven insights. * Enhanced operational efficiency and resource utilization. * Cost reduction through optimized processes and inventory management. * Better risk management and mitigation strategies.

Question 32

Help in managing supply chains efficiently, reducing costs, and enhancing responsiveness to customer demands.

Answer 32

Supply Chain Management

Question 33

Improve product quality by analyzing process variability and implementing corrective actions.

Answer 33

Quality Control

Question 34

Challenges of Management Science Theories

Answer 34

* Complexity in model development and interpretation. * Data availability and quality issues. * Resistance to change and implementation challenges in traditional organizational structures.

Question 35

rooted in quantitative analysis and operations research techniques, provides valuable tools for improving decision-making and operational efficiency in engineering management. By integrating these methodologies, organizations can achieve significant cost savings, enhance productivity, and maintain competitive advantages in dynamic market environments.

Answer 35

Management Science Theory

Question 36

framework that examines how external factors influence the behavior and performance of organizations.

Answer 36

Organizational Environment Theory

Question 36

Organizational Environment Theory was influenced in the 1960s by the following researchers:

Answer 36

Daniel Katz James D. Thompson Robert L. Khan

Question 36

sees organizations as systems that interact with their external environment, taking in resources and producing outputs. Organizations must be open to their environment to survive

Answer 36

The Open-Systems View

Question 36

Key Components of the Organizational Environmental Theory

Answer 36

General Environment Task Environment Internal Environment

Question 37

A system that takes in resources from its external environment and converts them into goods and services that are then sent back to that environment for purchase by customers.

Answer 37

Open System

Question 37

A system that is self-contained and thus not affected by changes that occur in its external environment.

Answer 37

The Closed-Systems View

Question 38

Tendency of a system to lose its ability to control itself and thus to dissolve and disintegrate.

Answer 38

Entropy

Question 38

Performance gains that result when individuals and departments coordinate their actions.

Answer 38

Synergy