Evolution History

Question 1

binomial nomenculture

Answer 1

• invented by Carolus Linnaeus
• a form of taxonomy naming classification
• genus + species (we are homo sapien)

Question 2

scala natura

Answer 2

• invented by Carolus Linnaeus
• the ladder of species
• humans at top, then mammals/intelligent animals, then plants, then inanimate objects

Question 3

a chain of being

Answer 3

• 14th century
• each species was a separate link on the great chain and all links were forged at the same time and hadn’t changed since
• basically Genesis creationism

Question 4

catastophism

Answer 4

• Cuvier
• said that evidence of evolutionary change seen in the various strata of rocks were from numerous catastrophes and that God continues to create new species with the progression of time

Question 5

inheritance of acquired characteristics

Answer 5

• Jean Lamarck
• the changes in nature were due to a natural force because animals were changing in an attempt to reach perfection
  
  • giraffe ancestors stretched their necks out to reach into the tree branches, over time their descendants had long necks
  • this is only somewhat true to a very small degree

Question 6

natural selection

Answer 6

• Darwin
• changes are brought upon by the environment but it has no particular goal because the environment is constantly changing
  1) members of the population must have inheritable variation
  
  • some monkeys have long hair, some have short
    2) in a population, more individuals are born than can survive and reproduce each generation
  • competition to survive (short hair monkeys do better in the rainforest than long hair monkeys)
    3) some organisms have adaptive characteristics that help them to survive and reproduce better than other individuals
  • unless the long hair monkeys get short hair, they die
    4) an increasing proportion of individuals in the next generation have the adaptive characteristics
    5) the result is a population adapted to its local environment

Question 7

descent with modification

Answer 7

• Buffon
• species evolve to meet different environments
• suggested that earth was more than 6,000 years old

Question 8

artificial selection

Answer 8

when you pick the characteristics you want in a mate

Question 9

fitness

Answer 9

the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its local environment