EOC Flashcards
1
Q
equation for photosynthesis
A
CO2 + H2O + sunlights —> C6 H12 O6 + O2
2
Q
final products of the light reactions of photosynthesis
A
- Oxygen
- NADPH
- ATP
3
Q
final products of the dark reactions/Calvin Cycle
A
- RuBP
- Glucose
4
Q
final products of Glycolysis
A
- 2 NADH molecules
- 2 ATP molecules
- 2 pyruvate molecules
5
Q
final products of the pyruvate prep steps between Glycolysis and the Citric Acid Cycle
A
- 2 CO2 molecules
- 2 NADH
- 2 acetyl Co-A
6
Q
final products of the Citric Acid Cycle
A
- 6 NADH
- 2 FADH2
- 4 CO2
- 2ATP
7
Q
steps of DNA replication
A
- replication begins at the origin of replication, this forms a bubble
- the helices unzips the DNA strands
- the DNA polymerase puts down nucleotides that match up with the nitrogenous bases on the 3’ end leading strand
- for the 5’ lagging strand, the RNA Primase puts down a primer for the DNA Polymerase to go off of
- the lagging strand is actually a bunch of DNA fragments separated by primers, these fragments are called Okasaki fragments
- the Okasaki fragments are removed by the DNA ligase, which seals the fragments together to make one continuous strand like the Leading Strand
8
Q
steps of DNA Transcription
A
- Initiation
- the RNA polymerase binds to DNA at the promoter
- it unravels the strand by breaking the hydrogen bonds
- it follows DNA in 3’ to 5’ as RNA is made from 5’ to 3’ - Termination
- the RNA polymerase stops and detaches
- the double helix rewinds and the hydrogen bonds get back together - Elongation
- making the messenger RNA
- to get to the end you find the terminator
9
Q
steps of DNA Translation
A
- the mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to the cytoplasm
- a ribosome attache to the mRNA strand
- the cell is full of the 20 amino acids that are floating around
- the tRNA will pick up a specific amino acid and bring it to the ribosome
- the tRNA releases the amino acid once its anticodon pairs with the correct mRNA codon
- the ribosome will move along the mRNA strand as the tRNA molecule brings the correct amino acids that match with the mRNA
- the amino acids will form peptide bonds with each other, and you will then have a long string of amino acids that will fold up and become a protein
10
Q
types of RNA
A
- mRNA: (messenger RNA) carries directions to make amino acid sequences
- rRNA: (ribosomal RNA) is in the ribosome
- tRNA: (transfer RNA) carries amino acids and has anticodons
11
Q
cell cycle phases
A
Interphase: not cell division
- the cell is doing its normal cellular function
- divided in 3 stages:
- G1: organelles double in number, the cells grows
- S phase: DNA replication
- G2: prep for mitosis
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
