8.2

Question 1

community

Answer 1

populations of different species living and interacting in the same area

Question 2

niche

Answer 2

how an organism fits into an ecosystem

-you have to have producers, scavengers, decomposers, consumers, and predators/prey

Question 3

carrying capacity

Answer 3

how many individuals an environment can sustain

Question 4

fundamental niche

Answer 4

a species is capable of using much more of its environment than it currently does

Question 5

realized niche

Answer 5

the lifestyle a species actually pursues based on resources

Question 6

limiting resource

Answer 6

a factor that limits a population size

-amounts of food, water, land

Question 7

competition

Answer 7

when organisms/species use the same resources but there’s not enough for everyone

Question 8

limiting factors in communities

Answer 8

environmental factors that limit an organism’s ability to survive

Question 9

abiotic limiting factors

Answer 9

water, fire, pH, temperature

Question 10

biotic limiting factors

Answer 10

plant/food supply, competition, bacteria, predators

Question 11

density dependent limiting factors

Answer 11

factors that regulate the size of a population and are influenced by changes in the population

• as population size increases, death rate increases and birth rate decreases
  
  • amount of food, living space, disease

Question 12

density independent limiting factors

Answer 12

factors that regulate the size of a population but aren’t influenced by changers in the population
-natural disasters like drought and tornadoes

Question 13

coevolution

Answer 13

predators and prey evolve in response to each other’s adaptations

Question 14

predator strategies

Answer 14

• being larger than the prey
• mimicry: turtles that have tongues that look like worms
• mullerian mimicry: two predators mimic each other
• camouflage for ambush
• claws, fangs, poison
• speed and agility
• acute senses (owls have super good eyesight)

Question 15

prey strategies

Answer 15

• batesian mimicry: prey mimic predators
• cryptic coloration: camoflauge
• aposomatic coloration: “warning”
• dilution effect
• confusion effect
• odd prey effect

Question 16

effects of prey living in large groups

Answer 16

• dilution effect: in a large group, one is less likely to get eaten
• confusion effect: when a predator comes, the prey run around and confuse the predator
• odd prey effect: if one in a group sticks out, he’s more likely to get targeted and eaten

Question 17

intraspecific competition

Answer 17

competition between members of the same species (results in more death, lower reproductive and growth rates)

Question 18

-interspecific:

Answer 18

competition between different whole species (competition exclusion)