Evolution Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a mutation?

A

A random change in genetic material

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2
Q

What are 3 possible consequences of a mutation?

A

neutral, positive or negative

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3
Q

What is a positive mutation?

A

increase the chances of survival

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4
Q

What is a neutral mutation?

A

Neither increases or decreases the chances of the organism surviving

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5
Q

What is the only source of new alleles?

A

Mutations

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6
Q

Give an example of something that can increase the rate of mutations?

A

UV light, X-rays and some chemicals (mustard gas, cigarettes)

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7
Q

What do we call inherited characteristics that make an organism well suited to survive in its environment?

A

adaptation

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8
Q

Why is variation in a population important?

A

It allows the population to adapt to changing environmental conditions over time

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9
Q

Do species produce more or fewer offspring than the environment can support?

A

more

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10
Q

Give 3 examples of selection pressures.

A

predation, food shortage, disease

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11
Q

What name is given when the best adapted survive, reproduce and pass on alleles that gives a selective advantage?

A

Natural selection

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12
Q

What happens to the number of favourable alleles in a population over time?

A

They increase in number

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13
Q

During the process of speciation, what stops the 2 populations breeding together?

A

isolation barrier

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14
Q

Give an example of an isolation barrier.

A

sea, ocean, mountain range, geographical, ecological, behavioural

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15
Q

What name is given to the formation of 2 or more species from one original species?

A

speciation

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16
Q

Why does natural selection select for different mutations in the different groups during speciation?

A

Different selection pressures faced by the two groups

17
Q

What do we call differences within a population?

A

Variation

18
Q

What do we call an environmental factor that increases the chances of a mutation taking place?

A

Mutagenic Agent

19
Q

What do we call the environmental factor that dictates the fitness of individuals within a population?

A

Selection Pressure

20
Q

What is an allele?

A

Different forms of a gene.