Ecosystems and Energy Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of a species?

A

Organisms that can produce fertile offspring

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2
Q

What is the definition of biodiversity?

A

the total variation that exists amongst all living things on earth

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3
Q

What is the definition of a habitat?

A

the place where an organism lives

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4
Q

What is the definition of a population?

A

The total number of a particular species in a particular area

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5
Q

What is the definition of a community?

A

All the living things in an area

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6
Q

What is the definition of an ecosystem?

A

All the living and non-living things in an area

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7
Q

What is a producer?

A

organism that uses energy from the sun to make its own food

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8
Q

What is a herbivore?

A

An organism that only eats plants for energy

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9
Q

What is a carnivore?

A

An organism that only eats other animals for energy

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10
Q

What is an omnivore?

A

A consumer that eats plants and animals

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11
Q

What is a predator?

A

An animal that hunts and eats other animals - hunter

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12
Q

What is prey?

A

The animal eaten by the predator - hunted

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13
Q

What is a niche?

A

The role an organism plays within the community.

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14
Q

What is it called when organisms want the same resources?

A

Competition

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15
Q

What are the 2 types of competition?

A

intraspecific and interspecific

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16
Q

What is intraspecific competition?

A

Competition within the same species

17
Q

What is interspecific competition?

A

Competition between different species

18
Q

Which type of competition is the most intense?

A

Intraspecific

19
Q

What can be used to sample plants in an area?

A

Quadrat

20
Q

What can be used to sample small insects in an area?

A

pitfall trap

21
Q

What term is used to describe living factors that affect where an organism lives?

A

biotic

22
Q

What term is used to describe non-living factors that affect where an organism lives?

A

abiotic

23
Q

Give 3 examples of biotic factors.

A

disease, food availability, grazing, competition, predators

24
Q

Give 3 examples of abiotic factors.

A

temperature, moisture, light intensity, pH, wind speed

25
Q

What name is given to an organism that by its presence or absence gives an indication of how polluted an area is?

A

Indicator species

26
Q

On average, how much energy is lost in each stage of a food chain?

A

90%

27
Q

State 3 ways energy is lost in a food chain.

A
  1. heat 2. movement 3. undigested food
28
Q

Energy used for what activity is available at the next level of the food chain?

A

Growth

29
Q

What is a pyramid of energy?

A

A pyramid that shows the energy at each level of the food chain

30
Q

What is a pyramid of numbers?

A

A pyramid that shows the number of organisms at each level fo the food chain

31
Q

Which pyramid can have an irregular shape?

A

Pyramid of numbers

32
Q

What always comes at the base of a pyramid?

A

Producer