Evolution Flashcards
What are the seven main taxa used to classify organisms?
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
What are the three domains under kingdom?
Bacteria
Archea
Eukarya
What is are the classes of bacteria and archea?
The classes are both Prokaryotic because the organisms have no membrane bound nucleus
What is the class of Eukarya?
The organisms in this class have membrane bound nucleuses
Divided into four kingdoms: Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia
What is taxonomy?
The science of classifying organisms
Is based on traits that are homologous, which means they are structurally similar and resulted from common evolutionary history.
What are Vestigal features?
Structures that, through the course of evolution, have lost all or most of their functions
These structures remain because they are not harmful
What was Lamarck’s theory on evolution?
There are identical characteristics in all members of a population
The individuals are capable of transformation
Evolution guided by an internal drive to meet organisms needs
What was Darwin’s/Wallace’s theory on evolution?
There are similar characteristics in all members of a population and variation is common
Individuals are fixed and unchanging
The population is capable of transformation
What is natural selection?
Variation exists regardless of organisms needs not directed towards any purpose
Survival of the fittest or the fit enough
What are the three types of natural selection?
Stabilizing selection
Directional selection
Diversifying selection
What is gradualism?
Slow and steady evolutionary change
What is punctuated equilibrium?
Short periods of rapid evolutionary change
What is allopatric isolation?
Geographically separated
Example: two sides of a river, valley, or mountain
What is sympatric isolation?
No geographical/physical separation
Reproductive isolation
Example: physically different, different reproductive behaviours,
