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Biology 20 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What are accessory organs?

A

Makes the chemicals needed for digestion and sends them into the alimentary canal

Salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

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2
Q

What is the Alimentary canal?

A

A continuous, coiled, and hollow muscular tube that food passes through

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3
Q

What does salivary amylase do?

A

Breaks down starch (polysac) into maltose

Only starch digestion takes place in the mouth

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4
Q

What is a bolus?

A

Mixture of food and saliva

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5
Q

What are the four enzymes in the stomach?

A

Mucus
Hydrochloric Acid
Rennin
Pepsin

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6
Q

What is the function of mucus?

A

Protects the walls of the stomach

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7
Q

What is the function of Hydrochloric Acid in the stomach?

A

Kills bacteria and helps with the physical breakdown of food

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8
Q

What is the function of rennin in the stomach?

A

Starts to break down milk proteins

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9
Q

What is the function of pepsin in the stomach?

A

Breaks down proteins and is activated in low pH

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10
Q

What is the material leaving the stomach called?

A

Chyme

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11
Q

What is peptidase?

A

Breaks down polypeptides into amino acids (completes protein digestion)

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12
Q

What three secretions is chyme mixed with in the duodenum?

A

Pancreatic secretions
Bile from the gallbladder
Intestinal secretions

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13
Q

What remains of the food at the end of the ileum?

A

Some water, indigestible food matter, and bacteria

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14
Q

What is pancreatic amylase?

A

Completes digestion of starch into maltose

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15
Q

What is Trypsinogen?

A

Converting into trypsin (active form) in the small intestine by the enzyme enterokinase

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16
Q

What are the functions of the Large Intestine (Colon)?

A

Absorbs most water from feces and has limited nutrient absorption; vitamins, some ions

The solid dried out product is delivered to the rectum

Mucus is produced along the way to ease the passage

17
Q

What does the stomach absorb?

A

Alcohol and some drugs absorbed into bloodstream

18
Q

What does the small intestine absorb?

A

Majority of absorption occurs along the length of this organ

Villi and microvilli help absorb nutrients

19
Q

What does the large intestine absorb?

A

Absorbs mostly water, some vitamins, and some ions

20
Q

What are the products of fat digestion?

A

Glycerol, fatty acids, and fat soluble vitamins

21
Q

Proteins present in food stimulates the secretion of what hormone when they enter the stomach?

A

Gastrin

Biology 20 (11 decks)

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