evolution Flashcards

1
Q

what is evolution?

A

the changes in organisms over generations as a result of genomic variations.

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2
Q

what is natural selection?

A

the non-random increase in frequency of DNA sequences that increase survival and the non-random reduction in the frequency of deleterious sequences.

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3
Q

describe the two types of gene transfer

A

Horizontal gene transfer is where genes are transferred between individuals in the same generation.

Vertical gene transfer is where genes are transferred from parent to offspring as a result of sexual or asexual reproduction.

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4
Q

what are the 3 types of selection?

A

directional, stabilising and disruptive

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5
Q

what is directional selection?

A

one extreme of the phenotype range is selected for.

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6
Q

what is stabilising selection?

A

an average phenotype is selected for and extremes of the phenotype range are selected against.

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7
Q

what is disruptive selection?

A

two or more phenotypes are selected for.

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8
Q

what is speciation?

A

formation of new biological species as a result of isolation, mutation or selection

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9
Q

what is a species?

A

a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring, and which does not normally breed with other groups.

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10
Q

what is allopatric speciation?

A

a new species is formed due to the isolation of a population by a geographical barrier

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11
Q

what is sympatric speciation?

A

a new species is formed due to the isolation of a population by either a behavioural or ecological barrier

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