Evolution Flashcards
how do we measure evolution?
genereations
what is a well supported testable explanation of phenomena that have occurred in the natural world
scientific theory
why is growth and development not considered evolution?
they are changes that occur in an organisms lifetime
what ship did Darwin go on and how long was his journey?
HMS Beagle and 5 years
his observations on mainly the _____ _____ contributed to his hypothesis about evolution
galapagos islands
what were the five scientists that influenced Darwin while shaping his theories
hutton and lyell, malthus, lamarck, wallace
who gave evidence to earth being older than what what was thought
hutton and lyell
who predicted that the human population will grow faster than the space and supply needed to support
malthus
who thought organisms evolved in their lifetime
lamarck
who triggered darwin to publish his work bc he had the same idea?
wallace
the theory of evolution says that those who _____ better survive
adapt
what is variation
the slight differences of organisms in the same species that help them to survive
what is survival of the fittest
those individuals that have variations that are advantages are most likely going to survive
traits of those best suited to an _____ will increase in _____
environment
population
what is the development of a new species over time
speciation
what term means that the best adapted organisms survive and reproduce
natural selection
what is an example of proof for evolution?
fossils, the oldest ones are the simplest
embryology suggests…
vertebrate embryos are very similar which means that they all come from common ancestor
what are vestigial features
structures that are not used/reduced in size
what are homologous structures
similar structures that indicate a common ancestor
geographic isolation
when two populations are separated and cannot interbreed, each becomes different, new species
what is the % of a specific allele in a population
allelic frequency
what is a population that the frequency of alleles remains the same over generations
genetic equilibrium
all of the genes including different alleles that exist in a population
gene pool
what are environmental factors that change genes as well as meiosis ad mitosis
mutation
what is the number of times an allele occurs in the gene pool
relative frequency
what is a random change in allele frequency that occurs in small populations
genetic drift
what is genetic drift caused by
individuals entering or leaving a population
what is the transport of genes by migration
gene flow
what causes speciation to happen
geographic and reproductive isolation
what are the two theories of speciation
polyploidy and gradualism
what is the multiple of the normal set of chromosomes
polyploidy
what is punctuated equilibrium
speciation occurs in rapid bursts
what word means “things change over time?”
evolution
