DNA Flashcards
DNA stands for…
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What are the building blocks of life?
Proteins
DNA carries what?
The heredity code to make proteins
Where is DNA located?
Nucleus
DNA’s structure is what?
Double helix/twisted ladder
Structure of the DNA was determined by whom?
Watson and Crick
Basic unit of DNA
Nucleotides
Three types of nucleotides
Deoxyribose sugar
Phosphate group
Nitrogen base
What are the nitrogen bases and how do they pair?
Adenine-Thymine
Guanine-Cytosine
What do hydrogen bonds do?
Hold together nitrogen bases
During what phase of interphase does replication occur?
S
What does the ribosome in the cell do?
Makes proteins
What does RNA stand for?
Ribonucleic acid
What is the form of RNA?
Single stranded
What does RNA contain?
Ribose sugar
In RNA, what are the four nitrogen bases?
Adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine
What are the three types of RNA?
Messenger (mRNA)
Transfer (tRNA)
Ribosomal (rRNA)
What are the two parts to proteins synthesis?
Transcription and translation
Where does transcription happen and what is it?
It happens in the nucleus of the cell and it is the process of forming RNA from DNA
DNA _____ the _____, while RNA _____ the _____.
Stores the information
Makes the protein
What does Helicase do?
Unzips and zips up DNA
What is a group of three bases on mRNA that codes for an amino acid?
Codon
What makes up amino acids, and what do amino acids make up?
Nucleic acids make up amino acids and amino acids make up proteins
Where does translation happen and what is it?
It happens in the ribosome and it is the making of protein from RNA
Which form of RNA carries anticodons?
tRNA
What is a set of three bases on tRNA that compliments a codon on mRNA?
anticodon
What is a peptide?
It holds amino acids together
List the 2 steps of the replication process…
DNA unzips
the bases attach to the open strands of DNA
