Evolution Flashcards
Natural Selection=
Evolution
Galapagos Islands
Different species than around the islands.
Artificial Selection
Selective Breeding
Humans are involved.
Natural Selection
Natural Selection for survival.
Evolution.
Evolution
Cumulative changes in groups of organisms through time.
Derived Traits
Newly evolved features.
Don’t appear in ancestors fossils.
Ancestral Traits
More primitive features.
Appear on ancestral forms.
Homologous structures
Anatomically similar structures inherited from a common ancestor.
Vestigial Structures
Structures that are the reduced form of functional structures in other organisms.
Analogous Structures
Same purpose and can be superficially similar in construction but are not inherited from a common ancestor.
Biogeography
Study of the distribution of plants and animals around the world.
Fitness
A measure of the relative contribution that an individual trait makes to the next generation.
Camouflage
Morphological adaptions that allow animal to blend in with their environments.
Mimicry
One species evolves to resemble another species.
Antimicrobial resistance
Resistance made by mutation.
Genetic Drift
Any change in the allelic frequencies in a population that results from chance.
Founder effect
An extreme example of genetic drift.
Small sample of a population settles in a location separated from the rest of the population.
Bottleneck
A population declines to a very low number and then rebounds.
Stabilizing Selection
The most common form of natural selection.
Eliminates extreme expressions of a trait when the average expressions of a trait when the average expression leads to higher fitness.
Directional Selection
Increases the expression of the extreme versions of a trait in a population.
Sexual Selection
Change in frequency of a trait is based on the ability to attract a mate.
Populations that male and females differ.
Disruptive Selection
A process that splits a population into two groups.
Prezygotic Isolating Mechanisms
Operate before fertilization occurs.
Postzygotic Isolating Mechanisms
Operate after fertilization has occurred to ensure that the resulting hybrid remains infertile.
Allopatric Speciation
A physical barrier that divides one population into two or more populations.
Sympatric Speciation
A species evolves into a new species without a physical barrier.
Adaptive Radiation
Dramatic example of speciation.
Can occur in a relatively short period when one species gives rise to many species in response to the creation of a new habitat or another ecological opportunity.
Gradualism
Evolution proceeds in small gradual steps.
Punctuated Equilibrium
Attempts to explain such abrupt transitions in the fossil record.
Evolution formed from…
Darwin looking at mockingbirds’ different beaks.
Industrial Mechanism
When industrialism has to do with adaptations.
