Chapter 3: Communities, Biomes and Ecosystems Flashcards

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1
Q

Ecological Succession is…

A

The change in an ecosystem that happens when one community replaces another as a result of changing biotic and abiotic factors.

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2
Q

Primary Succession is…

A

The establishment of a community in an area of exposed rock that does not have any topsoil.
Doesn’t go back, if disaster occurs, to this cycle.

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3
Q

Secondary Succession is…

A

The orderly and predictable changes that takes place after a community of organisms has been removed but the soil has remained intact.

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4
Q

Climax Community is…

A

The stable, mature community that results when there is little change in the composition of species.

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5
Q

Weather is…

A

The condition of the atmosphere at a specific time and place.

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6
Q

Latitude is…

A

The distance of any point on the surface of Earth north or south from the equator.

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7
Q

Climate is…

A

The average weather conditions in an area, including temperature and precipitation.

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8
Q

Tundra

A

A treeless biome with a layer of permanently frozen soil below the surface called permafrost.

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9
Q

Boreal Forest

A

Also called northern coniferous forest, or taiga. Evergreen forest. No permafrost.

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10
Q

Temperate Forest

A

Mostly of broad-leaved, deciduous trees. All four seasons occur.

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11
Q

Temperate Woodland and Shrub land

A

Less annual precipitation than in temperate forests.

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12
Q

Temperate Grassland

A

A biome that is characterized by fertile soils that are able to support a thick cover of grasses.

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13
Q

Desert

A

Any area in which the annual rate of evaporation exceeds the rate of precipitation.

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14
Q

Tropical Savannah

A

Grasses and scattered trees in climates that receive less precipitation than some other tropical areas.

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15
Q

Tropical Seasonal Forest

A

Precipitation. Also called, tropical dry forests.

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16
Q

Tropical Rain Forest

A

Warm temperatures and large amounts of rainfall throughout the year.

17
Q

Freshwater

A

Rovers, ponds, lakes…

18
Q

Sediment is…

A

Material that is deposited by water, wind or glaciers.

19
Q

Freshwater Zones

Top To Bottom

A

Littoral Zone: The area closest to the shore.
Limnetic Zone: Open water area that is well lit and is dominated by plankton.
Profundal Zone: Deepest areas of a large lake, minimal light penetrates.

20
Q

Wetlands are…

A

Water and soil together.

21
Q

Estuaries are…

A

Freshwater combines with saltwater.

22
Q

Marine Zones

A

Intertidal Zone: Narrow band where the ocean meets land.
Photic Zone: The area to a depth of about 200m of the pelagic zone; euphoric zone.
Aphotic Zone: An area where sunlight is unable to penetrate.
Benthic Zone: The area along the ocean floor that consists of sand, silt, and dead organisms.
Abyssal Zone: Deepest region of the ocean.