Evolution

Question 1

Where did Cuvier observe change?

Answer 1

Past

Question 2

Where did Lyell observe change?

Answer 2

Present/Future

Question 3

What is evolution?

Answer 3

The development of new organisms from previously existing types of organisms over time

Question 4

What is strata?

Answer 4

new layer of rock on top of old rock

Question 5

What did Cuvier do?

Answer 5

Noticed past organisms differ from today’s

Question 6

What is catastrophism?

Answer 6

Sudden geologic catastrophes that caused extinction of large group of organisms in past

Question 7

What did Jean Baptiste Lamarck do?

Answer 7

Change over time

inheritance of acquired characteristics

Question 8

What book did Charles Darwin write?

Answer 8

On the Origin of Species

Question 9

What was On the Origin of Species?

Answer 9

Descent w/ modification

Natural selection drives evolution

Question 10

What is descent with modification?

Answer 10

Species reproduce

Species change over time

Question 11

What was Darwin’s proposed mechanisms for descent with modification?

Answer 11

Natural Selection

Question 12

What is overproduction?

Answer 12

More can survive to maturity

Question 13

What is genetic variation?

Answer 13

Differ in traits

Question 14

What is differential reproduction>

Answer 14

Certain traits more likely to survive

“survival of the fittest”

Question 15

What is an example of evidence of evolution?

Answer 15

fossil record

Question 16

What is the principle of superposition?

Answer 16

Young dirt on top of old dirt on top of bottom

Question 17

Principle of Original Horizontality?

Answer 17

Rocks deposited in nearly horizontal beds

Question 18

Principle of crosscutting relationships?

Answer 18

Layers of rock cannot be fractured and moved until the layer exists

Question 19

Principle of lateral continuity?

Answer 19

Sediments deposited laterally in all directions

Question 20

What is relative age?

Answer 20

Older/younger

Question 21

What is absolute age?

Answer 21

Number of Years

Question 22

What is biogeography?

Answer 22

study of organisms throughout the world

Question 23

What is an analogous structure?

Answer 23

structure similar in function

Question 24

what is a homologous structure?

Answer 24

structure w/ similar evolutionary origin

Question 25

What is convergent evolution?

Answer 25

organism not closely related

Question 26

what is divergent evolution?

Answer 26

related organisms

Question 27

What is artificial selection?

Answer 27

Humans pick certain breeds

Question 28

what is co-evolution?

Answer 28

Species evolve adaptations to each other’s influence

Question 29

what is taxonomy?

Answer 29

science of describing, naming and classifying an organism

Question 30

What was Linnaeus known for?

Answer 30

made the order thing

Question 31

What does binomial nomenclature mean?

Answer 31

2 naming system

Question 32

Name the order thing in order?

Answer 32

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Question 33

what is phylogenetics?

Answer 33

evolutionary/austral relationship among taxa

Question 34

phyologenetic diagram

Answer 34

tree-like diagram depicting relationships between taxa

Question 35

what did henning do?

Answer 35

developed cladistics

Question 36

what is a cladogram

Answer 36

relationship between ancestors and descendants between groups

Question 37

Domain Bacteria

Answer 37

single celled prokaryotes, kingdom: eubacteria

Question 38

Archaea

Answer 38

single celled prokaryotes and cell membranes and cell walls, kingdom: archaebacteria

Question 39

Domain eukarya

Answer 39

Eukaryotes, Kingdom: protista, fungi, plantae, animalia