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Honors Biology > Ecology > Flashcards

Ecology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is ecology?

A

The study of interactions between living organisms and the living and nonliving components of the environments

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2
Q

What are the levels of organization?

A

Organisms, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Biosphere

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3
Q

What is organism

A

individual living thing

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4
Q

what is population

A

group of organisms of one type that live in the same area

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5
Q

what is community

A

population that live together in a defined area

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6
Q

what is ecosystem

A

community and its nonliving surroundings

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7
Q

what is biosphere?

A

the part of earth that contains all ecosystems

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8
Q

What is biotic?

A

Living

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9
Q

what is abiotic?

A

nonliving

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10
Q

What is range of tolerance?

A

range of conditions in which a species can survive (survival vs. conditions)

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11
Q

what is acclimation

A

process by which an organism can adjust their tolerance

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12
Q

What are conformers?

A

change with environment

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13
Q

what are regulators?

A

use energy to control internal conditions

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14
Q

What are two forms of escape?

A

Dormancy and migration

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15
Q

What is a niche?

A

Role of a species within an enviornment

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16
Q

What does a niche include?

A

range of tolerance, resources, methods to obtain resources, interactions

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17
Q

What is a generalist?

A

large range of tolerance

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18
Q

What is a specialist?

A

tiny range of tolerance

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19
Q

what are the four consumer levels?

A

Tertiary, secondary. primary, and producers

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20
Q

What are producers?

A

autotrophs

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21
Q

what are primaries?

A

herbivores

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22
Q

what are secondaries?

A

carnivores, omnivores, detrivores

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23
Q

what are tertiaries

A

carnivore, omnivore, detrivore

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24
Q

What are the four major nutrient cycles?

A

water, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus

25
Q

what is the water cycle needed for?

A

chem reactions

26
Q

what is the carbon cycle?

A

backbone of organic materials

27
Q

What is the nitrogen cycle?

A

proteins and nucleic acids

28
Q

what is the phosphorous cycle?

A

skeletal structure, DNA, RNA

29
Q

What are the three characteristics of population ecology?

A

size, density, dispersions

30
Q

what is size

A

number of individuals

31
Q

what is density

A

crowdedness of population

32
Q

what is dispersion

A

spatial distribution

33
Q

what is the formula for growth rate?

A

birthrate - death rate (over 1000)

34
Q

what is a limiting factor

A

anything restricting growth

35
Q

what is a logistical modle

A

accounts for limiting factor

36
Q

what are the effects of inbreeding

A

decreased genetic variation and survivability

37
Q

what is mutualism?

A

everyone benefits

38
Q

what is commensalism?

A

one benefits, nothing happens to the other

39
Q

what is parasitism?

A

one benefits, one harmed

40
Q

what is predation?

A

killing prey

41
Q

what is competition?

A

both are harmed

42
Q

what is richness?

A

the number of species in an environment

43
Q

what are disturbances?

A

events that change communities, alter/ destroy organisms, alter resource abilities

44
Q

what is stability?

A

tendency of a community to maintain relatively constant conditions

45
Q

what is primary succession?

A

growth in an area not supporting life previously (ex. volcano)

46
Q

what is secondary succession?

A

sequential replacement of a species (ex. grassland to forest)

47
Q

what are the four aquatic ecosystems?

A

ocean, estuaries, lakes + ponds, streams

48
Q

what are the four levels of water depth?

A

Necritic, euphoric, bathyal, abyssal

49
Q

what is the necritic zone?

A

high oxygen, sunlight

50
Q

what is the euphotic zone?

A

sunlight, high oxygen

51
Q

what is the bathyal zone?

A

semi-darkness

52
Q

what is the abyssal zone?

A

pitch black, high nutrients, mostly scavengers

53
Q

what are estuaries?

A

where fresh and salt water meet

54
Q

what do rivers and streams rely on for oxygenation?

A

agitiation

55
Q

what are the four freshwater lake regions?

A

littoral, limnetic, profundal, benthic

56
Q

what is the littoral zone?

A

upp to where ground drops off

57
Q

what is the profundal zone?

A

dark zone

58
Q

what is the benthic zone?

A

bottom

Honors Biology (7 decks)

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