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Honors Biology > DNA RNA > Flashcards

DNA RNA Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Friedrich Meischer known for?

A

interested in pus that was discarded from surgical bandages

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2
Q

What is Phoebus Leven known for?

A

Finding the Nucleotide structure

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3
Q

What is william astbury known for?

A

Found that DNA has a regular structure

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4
Q

How did Astbury know about the DNA regular structure?

A

He used X-Ray diffraction

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5
Q

What was Frederich griffith Known for?

A

Found that DNA carries genetic information?

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6
Q

Killed smooth + Live rough = ?

A

smooth

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7
Q

What did Hershey and Chase confirm?

A

That DNA carried genetic information

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8
Q

What was Photo 51 of?

A

Double helix Model

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9
Q

Who took photo 51?

A

Rosalind Franklin

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10
Q

What did Watson and Crick do?

A

Based on Photo 51, found double helix model

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11
Q

Where is DNA in prokaryotes?

A

Cytoplasm

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12
Q

Where is DNA in Eukaryotic Cells?

A

Nucleus

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13
Q

Which typically has more DNA, prokaryotes or eukaryotes?

A

eukaryotes

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14
Q

What is a polymer made of?

A

Many single units

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15
Q

What is a nucleotide?

A

Phosphate group, 5 carbon sugar (dioxyribose sugar), nitrogen base

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16
Q

What are the two types of nitrogen bases?

A

Purine and Pyrimidine

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17
Q

What bases make up Purine?

A

adenine, guanine

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18
Q

what bases make up Pyrimidine?

A

Thymine, cytosine

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19
Q

What is each side of the double helix made of?

A

Phosphate-sugar-N Base

20
Q

How to the double helix sides stick together?

A

hydrogen bonds

21
Q

How many bonds are cytosine and guanine?

A

3 H Bonds

22
Q

How many bonds are Adenine and Thymine?

A

2 H bonds

23
Q

Where does the linkage with the H bonds occur?

A

Between bases

24
Q

In Prokaryotes, how does DNA replicate? (separate, direction)

A

separates in 1 place

moves in 2 directions

25
Q

In eukaryotes, how does DNA replicate? (separate, direction)

A

Multiple sites (replication forks), DNA separates, moves 1 direction on each side until complete

26
Q

What unzips the DNA

A

helicase

27
Q

What does helicase do?

A

split DNA and breaks H bonds between N base pairs

28
Q

What does the DNA polymerase do?

A

assists duplication of missing side

29
Q

What are genes

A

coded DNA instructions

30
Q

Where are proteins made?

A

ribosome

31
Q

How do instructions get from nucleus to ribosome?

A

RNA!

32
Q

What is the structure of RNA

A

long chains of nucleotides

33
Q

What base changes in rna?

A

Thymine to uracile

34
Q

What are the three types of RNA?

A

mRNA (messenger)
tRMA (transfer)
rRNA (ribosomal)

35
Q

What does mRNA do?

A

carried the instructions for assembling proteins

36
Q

Ribosomes are made of?

A

proteins and rRNA

37
Q

what does rRNA do?

A

decodes mRNA

38
Q

what does tRNA do?

A

transfers amino acids to ribosome

39
Q

What is the function of polypeptides?

A

enzyme, starts reactions

40
Q

What is a polymer?

A

chain of amino acids

41
Q

How is the order of amino acids determined?

A

DNA/RNA

42
Q

How is RNA created?

A

by copying part of the DNA nucleotide sequence

43
Q

What does a polymerase do?

A

Binds DNA, Separates the strands, copies on side of DNA

44
Q

What are the four nitrogenous bases?

A

adenine, cytosine, guanine, URACIL

45
Q

what is a codon?

A

groups of 3 nucleotides

specify a particular amino acid

Honors Biology (7 decks)

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