DNA RNA Flashcards
What is Friedrich Meischer known for?
interested in pus that was discarded from surgical bandages
What is Phoebus Leven known for?
Finding the Nucleotide structure
What is william astbury known for?
Found that DNA has a regular structure
How did Astbury know about the DNA regular structure?
He used X-Ray diffraction
What was Frederich griffith Known for?
Found that DNA carries genetic information?
Killed smooth + Live rough = ?
smooth
What did Hershey and Chase confirm?
That DNA carried genetic information
What was Photo 51 of?
Double helix Model
Who took photo 51?
Rosalind Franklin
What did Watson and Crick do?
Based on Photo 51, found double helix model
Where is DNA in prokaryotes?
Cytoplasm
Where is DNA in Eukaryotic Cells?
Nucleus
Which typically has more DNA, prokaryotes or eukaryotes?
eukaryotes
What is a polymer made of?
Many single units
What is a nucleotide?
Phosphate group, 5 carbon sugar (dioxyribose sugar), nitrogen base
What are the two types of nitrogen bases?
Purine and Pyrimidine
What bases make up Purine?
adenine, guanine
what bases make up Pyrimidine?
Thymine, cytosine
What is each side of the double helix made of?
Phosphate-sugar-N Base
How to the double helix sides stick together?
hydrogen bonds
How many bonds are cytosine and guanine?
3 H Bonds
How many bonds are Adenine and Thymine?
2 H bonds
Where does the linkage with the H bonds occur?
Between bases
In Prokaryotes, how does DNA replicate? (separate, direction)
separates in 1 place
moves in 2 directions
In eukaryotes, how does DNA replicate? (separate, direction)
Multiple sites (replication forks), DNA separates, moves 1 direction on each side until complete
What unzips the DNA
helicase
What does helicase do?
split DNA and breaks H bonds between N base pairs
What does the DNA polymerase do?
assists duplication of missing side
What are genes
coded DNA instructions
Where are proteins made?
ribosome
How do instructions get from nucleus to ribosome?
RNA!
What is the structure of RNA
long chains of nucleotides
What base changes in rna?
Thymine to uracile
What are the three types of RNA?
mRNA (messenger)
tRMA (transfer)
rRNA (ribosomal)
What does mRNA do?
carried the instructions for assembling proteins
Ribosomes are made of?
proteins and rRNA
what does rRNA do?
decodes mRNA
what does tRNA do?
transfers amino acids to ribosome
What is the function of polypeptides?
enzyme, starts reactions
What is a polymer?
chain of amino acids
How is the order of amino acids determined?
DNA/RNA
How is RNA created?
by copying part of the DNA nucleotide sequence
What does a polymerase do?
Binds DNA, Separates the strands, copies on side of DNA
What are the four nitrogenous bases?
adenine, cytosine, guanine, URACIL
what is a codon?
groups of 3 nucleotides
specify a particular amino acid
