Evolution

Question 1

genetic diversity

Answer 1

the variation in genetic makeup or alleles within a population

Question 2

mutations

Answer 2

a permanent change to a DNA changes
silent mutations
missense mutation
nonsense mutations
frameshift mutation

Question 3

point mutations

Answer 3

are single nucleotide changes such as delterious, duplication

Question 4

causes in changes in alleles

Answer 4

genetic drift
gene flow
heritable mutation
environmental selection pressures
meiosis

Question 5

natural selection

Answer 5

is the differentiation survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in the phenotype
variation - differences in phenotype
selection pressures- surviving ability due to predation, disaster
selective advantage- ones who survive due to advantageous trait
heritable- reproduction

Question 6

genetic drift

Answer 6

involves changes to a populations allele frequencies to sudden random alteration
bottle neck affect - initial population, random event, shift in allele frequency
founder effect - gene pool, migrate to another area to reproduce (unrepresentative), shift alleles to change reproduction

Question 7

risk of genetic drift

Answer 7

interbreeding-
lower adaption potential

Question 8

gene flow

Answer 8

the exchange of genes between populations of the some species emigration and immigration

Question 9

steps of speciation

Answer 9

isolation mechanism- pop is separated due to a barrier
Allele frequency change - shift in allele frequency
no longer able to mate - allele frequency has changed sm that the population is to different to reproduce

Question 10

fossil

Answer 10

a preserved body impression or traces of a dead organism

Question 11

fossilisation

Answer 11

process of becoming a fossil such as rapid sediment, they build and form rock

Question 12

permineralised fossils

Answer 12

the actual rock that has been mineralised

Question 13

mould fossil

Answer 13

form when a living shape of the organism cavity forms the shape

Question 14

cast fossils

Answer 14

another layer that fills up the rock that casts the rock

Question 15

trace fossils

Answer 15

not the organism but indicate that it’s there e.g. footprint, eggs

Question 16

sedimentary rock

Answer 16

rock that is formed from the accumulation from the bottom to the top

Question 17

relative dating
absolute dating

Answer 17

relative- when the age of the fossil is discovered from the layers of rock
absolute - use of radioactive isotopes to determine age of fossil

Question 18

isotope

Answer 18

An atom with a different atomic mass than usual
when using a graph to use radiocarbon dating to determine the age of fossil decreases

Question 19

homology

Answer 19

homologous structure- physical features found in different species that function differently but derive from common ancestors
analogous structure - physical features found in different species that function the same but are not from common ancestor
vestigial structures - physical features that are found within an organism that once served a purpose, but don’t anymore due to changing of selection pressures

Question 20

species

Answer 20

is a group of organisms which can breed to produce viable and fertile offspring .

Question 21

classifications for homo sapiens

Answer 21

kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
tribe
genius
species

Question 22

taxonomic groups

Answer 22

mammals - milk to produce
primates - sexual dismorphism
hominoids - shorter spine, no tail
hominins -bipedal