Evolution Flashcards

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1
Q

evolution

A

Study of how things change over time

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2
Q

Theories of Evolution - Lamarck

A

Law of use and disuse and law of inheritance of acquired characteristics

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3
Q

species of finches darwin found among the different islands of the Galapagos

A

14

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4
Q

Darwins conclusions

A

variation in beaks, adaptation to food, natural selection for most fit

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5
Q

What book did Darwin publish

A

“The Origin of Species” - 1859 (32 years after end of voyage)

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6
Q

What did Darwin propose?

A

Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection

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7
Q

Several key insights led to Darwin’s idea for_

A

Natural Selection

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8
Q

Define Artificial selection (Selective breeding)

A

the process by which humans select traits through breeding

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9
Q

Define Natural selection_

A

explains how evolution can occur

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10
Q

how many principles are in the theory of natural selection

A

4

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11
Q

List the 4 main principles to the theory of natural selection

A

1) overproduction
2) variation; heritable differences
3) adaptation
4)Descent with Modification

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12
Q

Industrial Revolution in Europe during 1850s affected the natural selection on _ of the peppered moths

A

colors

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13
Q

all the gene in all individuals in a population

A

gene pool

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14
Q

random change in the DNA of a gene

A

mutation

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15
Q

results in new combinations of alleles. (crossing-over, independent assortment)

A

sexual reproduction

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16
Q

variations that improve an organisms’ chance for survival and reproduction

A

adaptation

17
Q

when a few individuals start a new colony it most likely results in

A

genetic drift

18
Q

What occurs when some girrafe’s in a population migrate to another area and join another pupulation

A

gene flow

19
Q

What type of isolation occurs when the timing of reproduction is different between two populations?

A

temporal isolation

20
Q

The human, whale, and bat forelimbs suggest a common ancestry. This is an example of ____ structure.

A

homologous structure

21
Q

Evidence in evolution occurs in a fossil record, comparative anatomy and comparative_____

A

embryology

22
Q

A structure that has been reduced in size because of disuse such as (human tail bone, appendix) are known as ______ structures.

A

vestigial

23
Q

Dolphins and Sharks do not have a close ancestor however they have evolved overtime to look more and more similar because they live in the same environment. This is an example of _____ evolution

A

convergent

24
Q

What type of natural selection eliminates the intermediate or average phenotype.

A

Disruptive selection

25
Q

What type of structural adaptation protects an organism by COPYING the appearance or behavior of another species

A

mimicry

26
Q

The process by which a population becomes better suited to live in its environment is known as ____

A

adaptation

27
Q

When Darwin was checking the beak size of the finches in certain areas, he discorver that the beak sizes were getting larger in general. This is an example of ______ selection

A

directional

28
Q

_____ structures are body parts that do not have a common evolutionary origin but are similar in function due to convergent evolution (bat wing and insect wings)

A

analogous

29
Q

Natural selection is _____ and _____ of organisms that are best adapted to the environment.

A

survival, reproduction

30
Q

when an organism blends into its environment, it is called _____-.

A

camouflage

31
Q

The evolution of hummingbirds’ beak and plants with deep tubes in their flowers is an example of ______.

A

coevolution