Chapter 2 Study Guide Flashcards
What is the smallest basic unit of matter called?
atom
What 3 particles make up an atom?
protons, neutrons, electrons
Where is each particle located?
protons & neutrons - is the nucleus
electron - orbits the nucleus
What are the 6 elements that make up all living things?
S-P-O-N-C-H
sulfur, phosphorous, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen
All organic molecules contain the element_
carbon
Cellulose, Starch, and glycogen are all examples of_
polysacharides
Butter, oil, and wax are all examples of _
lipids
RNA and DNA are examples of _
nucleic acids
Enzyme (catalyst) is an example of a _ that speed up chemical reactions
protein
The atomic number of an element tells you the number of _ in the atom.
protons
_ _ are electrons on the outermost energy level in the atom
valence electrons
What is the monomor/subunit of carbohydrates?
monosaccharide
What is the monomer/subunit of proteins?
amino acids
What is the monomer/subunit of lipids?
fatty acids
What is the monomer/subunit of nucleic acids?
nucleotides
How do you find the atomic mass of an atom?
number above element
How do you find the number of neutrons of an atom?
atomic number- atomic mass
According to the octet rule, if an atom had 4 valence electrons (outermost energy level), will it gain 5 more valence electrons or lose the 3 valence electrons?
loose
What do you call the rows of the periodic table?
periods
What do you call the columns of the periodic table?
groups or families
What are the 3 parts of nucleotide?
sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
_ and _ are long chains of glucose found in plants
Starch and Cellulose
_ are long chains of glucose stored in the liver of animals
glycogen
What type of organic molecule stores genetic information?
Nucleic acids
What factors can affect an enzymes function and cause it to denature (lose its shape)?
extreme temperatures
_ are proteins that can speed up chemical reactions in or bodies
enzymes
