Chapter 2 Study Guide

Question 1

What is the smallest basic unit of matter called?

Answer 1

atom

Question 2

What 3 particles make up an atom?

Answer 2

protons, neutrons, electrons

Question 3

Where is each particle located?

Answer 3

protons & neutrons - is the nucleus
electron - orbits the nucleus

Question 4

What are the 6 elements that make up all living things?

Answer 4

S-P-O-N-C-H
sulfur, phosphorous, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen

Question 5

All organic molecules contain the element_

Answer 5

carbon

Question 6

Cellulose, Starch, and glycogen are all examples of_

Answer 6

polysacharides

Question 7

Butter, oil, and wax are all examples of _

Answer 7

lipids

Question 8

RNA and DNA are examples of _

Answer 8

nucleic acids

Question 9

Enzyme (catalyst) is an example of a _ that speed up chemical reactions

Answer 9

protein

Question 10

The atomic number of an element tells you the number of _ in the atom.

Answer 10

protons

Question 11

_ _ are electrons on the outermost energy level in the atom

Answer 11

valence electrons

Question 12

What is the monomor/subunit of carbohydrates?

Answer 12

monosaccharide

Question 13

What is the monomer/subunit of proteins?

Answer 13

amino acids

Question 14

What is the monomer/subunit of lipids?

Answer 14

fatty acids

Question 15

What is the monomer/subunit of nucleic acids?

Answer 15

nucleotides

Question 16

How do you find the atomic mass of an atom?

Answer 16

number above element

Question 17

How do you find the number of neutrons of an atom?

Answer 17

atomic number- atomic mass

Question 18

According to the octet rule, if an atom had 4 valence electrons (outermost energy level), will it gain 5 more valence electrons or lose the 3 valence electrons?

Answer 18

loose

Question 19

What do you call the rows of the periodic table?

Answer 19

periods

Question 20

What do you call the columns of the periodic table?

Answer 20

groups or families

Question 21

What are the 3 parts of nucleotide?

Answer 21

sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base

Question 22

_ and _ are long chains of glucose found in plants

Answer 22

Starch and Cellulose

Question 23

_ are long chains of glucose stored in the liver of animals

Answer 23

glycogen

Question 24

What type of organic molecule stores genetic information?

Answer 24

Nucleic acids

Question 25

What factors can affect an enzymes function and cause it to denature (lose its shape)?

Answer 25

extreme temperatures

Question 26

_ are proteins that can speed up chemical reactions in or bodies

Answer 26

enzymes