Evidence Based Dentistry (EBD)

Question 1

What is EBD?

Answer 1

Composed of a diagram including a 3-part harmony, which optimizes treatment
outcomes

Question 2

What does EBD do?

Answer 2

EBD improves oral health by the doctor and patient working together and the integration
of three aspects.

EBD integrates the dentist’s clinical expertise, the patient’s needs and preferences, and the most current, clinically relevant evidence

Question 3

Why would you use EBD?

Answer 3

EBD seeks
to evaluate all scientific evidence on a specific topic. This allows us to broaden our
treatment options by using more current evidence.

EBD doesn’t simply just report the findings of the study or considers just one study.

Question 4

What are the steps in developing an evidence-based approach to practice?

Answer 4

determining your
clinical question (what do you want to know?)

Question 5

When would you use EBD?

Answer 5

…

Question 6

What are the three components of EBD?

Answer 6

1) Best Evidence: evaluation of best available scientific evidence
2) Clinical Judgment: recognition of your own clinical expertise
3) Patient values/Circumstances: understanding patient’s needs & preferences

Question 7

public & shock→

Answer 7

people tend to believe what they hear from news or friends

without further research; people love “shock value”

Question 8

What is Hierarchy of evidence?

Answer 8

based on ability to control for bias and to demonstrate cause
and effect in humans

Question 9

What is the ranking of for the Hierarchy of Evidence?

Answer 9

1. ) Meta-analysis
2. ) Systemic Reviews
3. ) Randomized Control Trials
4. ) Cohort Studies
5. ) Case Study
6. ) Cross-sectional study
7. ) Case Reports

Question 10

What is meta-analysis?

Answer 10

subset of systematic reviews; method for combining qualitative
and quantitative data from several selected studies to develop a single
conclusion that has greater statistical power (best!)

Question 11

What are systemic reviews?

Answer 11

they provide a comprehensive review of all relevant studies on
a particular clinical topic

Question 12

What are randomized control trials?

Answer 12

participants are randomly assigned to an
experimental group or a control group. The only expected difference between the
control and the experimental group is the outcome variable being studied →
experimental

Question 13

What is a cohort study?

Answer 13

one or more samples (cohorts) are followed prospectively and
subsequent status evaluations are conducted to determine which initial
participants risk factors are associated with a disease or outcome. Outcome from
participants in each cohort is measured and relationships with specific
characteristics are determined → observational

Question 14

What is a case study?

Answer 14

compares patients who have a disease or outcome of interest
(cases) with patients who do not (controls) and look back retrospectively to
determine the relationship between the risk factor and disease → observational
Limits RR calculation because cases are selected on basis of disease rather than exposure

Question 15

What is a cross-sectional study?

Answer 15

analysis of data collected from a population or
representative subset at one specific point in time. Used to describe some
feature of a population (i.e. prevalence of an illness) → descriptive

Question 16

What are case reports?

Answer 16

an article that describes and interprets an individual case, often
written in the form of a detailed story.

Describes unique cases that cannot be
explained, variations of a disease, unexpected events, etc. Considered the
lowest level of evidence→ descriptive

Question 17

Study Types and Questions Patients ask:

Answer 17

• Prevalence
• Etiology/risk
• Diagnosis
• Therapy
• Prognosis
• Phenomena

Question 18

Study Types and Questions Patients ask:

Prevalence:

Answer 18

What is Frequency?

Question 19

Study Types and Questions Patients ask:

Etiology/risk:

Answer 19

What causes the problem?

Question 20

Study Types and Questions Patients ask:

Diagnosis:

Answer 20

Does the person have it?

Prospective, blind comparison to a gold standard (RCT) or cross-sectional

Question 21

Study Types and Questions Patients ask:

Therapy:

Answer 21

What is the best treatment?

Randomized control study > cohort study

Question 22

Study Types and Questions Patients ask:

Prognosis:

Answer 22

Who will get the problem?
(group of linked individuals)

Patient’s clinical course over time

Cohort study > case control > case series

Question 23

Study Types and Questions Patients ask:

Phenomena:

Answer 23

What are the concerns?