Everything

Question 1

What is erosion?

Answer 1

the destruction of land

Question 2

What is differential erosion?

Answer 2

when soft rock erodes faster then hard rock

Question 3

Characteristics of a river in the mature stage?

Answer 3

~Relief is gently sloping
~Energy is reduced
~Rate of erosion is reduced
~Deposition starts taking place

Question 4

Characteristics of a river in the youthful stage? xxxxx

Answer 4

~Steep relief
~High energy
~Erosion

Question 5

Characteristics of a river in the old stage? xxxx

Answer 5

~Relief is flat
~Energy of a river is reduced again
~Minimal erosion
~River deposits its material before entering the sea

Question 6

3 types of rainfall?

Answer 6

Relief
Frontal
Continental

Question 7

What is a push factor?

Answer 7

A factor that pushes people away from migrating to a country
(forces a person to move)

Question 8

What is a pull factor?

Answer 8

A factor that encourages people to migrate to a country

Question 9

What is a barrier to migration?

Answer 9

Something that prevents someone from moving to a country

Question 10

Name the 3 types of rocks and examples for each

Answer 10

Igneous: Basalt, granite
Metamorphic: quartzite, marble
Sedimentary: sandstone, limestone

Question 11

Ireland’s climate:
1. what is it
2. Precipitation in east and west
3. Latitude

Answer 11

1. Cool-temperate oceanic climate
2. East- 700mm per year , West- 2,300mm per year
3. 53 degrees north of the equator

Question 12

Name the 4 plate boundary types and features found at each

Answer 12

~Divergent: volcanoes and mid-ocean ridges, e.g. Mid-Atlantic Ridge

~Convergent: mountains and volcanos
e.g. Pacific Ring of Fire

~Transform: earthquakes and tsunamis
e.g. Sand Andreas Fault

~Collision: Mountains and earthquakes
e.g Mt. Everest ( Himalayas )

Question 13

Features of an earthquake

Answer 13

~Focus: where the earthquake begins beneath the surface

~Epicentre: Point at the earths surface that is directly above the focus

~Fault: large crack in the earth’s surface

~Shock waves: spread out in circles from the focus

Question 14

Ways to make a building earthquake proof

Answer 14

~re-enforce concrete with steel
~Rubber shock absorbers that absorb tremors

Question 15

Nepal earthquake:
1. When
2. where
3. magnitude

Answer 15

1. 25 April 2015
2. Epicentre 80Km away from capital, Kathmandu
3. 7.8 on moment magnitude scale

Question 16

Social impacts of Nepal earthquake

Answer 16

~Nearly 9,000 dead, 17,000 injured
~Landslides occurred, affecting villages and parts of Kathmandu
~Electricity, water supplies and sewage supplies were affected

Question 17

Economic impacts of Nepal Earthquake?

Answer 17

~9 Billion euro
~1 million children left with no schools to attend
~3.7 million people needed emergency aid, food, water, medical supplies and tents

Question 18

Deforestation?

Answer 18

Process of cutting down or removing trees

Question 19

Desertification?

Answer 19

Spreading of desert due to deforestation

Question 20

Non-renewable resource, examples of this and where

Answer 20

Peat:

Raised bogs- midlands, Roscommon
Blanket bogs- West Coast, Mayo and Kerry

Question 21

Example of mechanical weathering?

Answer 21

Freeze-thaw action:
-Occurs higher in mountains because of lapse rate
-Rainwater is trapped in cracks during the night and freezes
-The rock contracts during the day and causes the rainwater to weaken the rock
-Rock us weakened repeatedly and eventually broken off

Question 22

Example of chemical weathering?

Answer 22

Carbonation:
rainwater falls and takes in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and creates weak carbonic acid.
Limestone contains calcium carbonate and is dissolved by this acid

Question 23

Karst landscape:
1. What is it
2. Example
3. Features

Answer 23

1. an area where soil cover has been removed and the rock is exposed to weathering
2. The Burren, Co. Clare
3. Cave, Stalactites ( c for ceiling), stalagmites (g for ground), pillars

Question 24

Greenhouse effect:
1. What is it
2. How does it work

Answer 24

1. the warming of the earths atmosphere caused by greenhouse gases.
2. Sun’s solar energy penetrates earth’s atmosphere, warming up the earth’s surface.
   The surface cools down at night, releasing the heat back into the air
   Greenhouse gases trap some heat

Question 25

How are hurricane’s formed

Answer 25

1. Warm, moist air cools and condenses as it rises
2. Air releases heat whilst condensing, which powers storm
3. Storms join together and draw more water from the ocean, creating a hurricane
4. Hurricane is carried around by winds and gets stronger

Question 26

What is an antiquity?

Answer 26

Something old
e.g. castles, church

Question 27

What are factors affecting settlement?

Answer 27

-Access to flat land
-Access to fertile soil (woodlands, river banks)
-Access to water source

Question 28

How is an igneous rock formed?

Answer 28

-volcanic activity

-Granite- cools slowly over million of years and is intrusive (Forms inside the crust)
-basalt- cooled and solidified very quickly on the surface and is extrusive (Formed outside the crust)

Question 29

How is a metamorphic rock formed?

Answer 29

Formed when igneous and sedimentary rocks are transformed from great heat OR pressure

Eg. Marble from limestone and quartzite from sandstone

Question 30

How is a sedimentary rock formed?

Answer 30

Sediments of other rocks, plants and animals are deposited on sea, lake beds and land.
Layers build up of this material
compressed and cemented together over time.

Question 31

What are the layers of soil?

Answer 31

-A Horizon (topsoil)
-B Horizon (subsoil)
-C Horizon (bedrock)