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Anatomy > Evans_Upper Extremity Muscles > Flashcards

Evans_Upper Extremity Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Aponeurosis

A

a sheet of pearly-white fibrous tissue that takes the place of a tendon in sheetlike muscles having a wide area of attachment

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2
Q

Occipital protuberance

A

prominence on the outer surface of the occipital bone

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3
Q

acromion

A

highest end point of shoulder

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4
Q

ventral vs dorsal

A

ventral- belly

dorsal- tail (back door)

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5
Q

Trapezius

Upper Fibers

A

O: occipital protuberance, c1-c7 (SP)

I: Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion

A: shoulder elevation, upward rotation of scapula, retraction, tilts head to the same side and rotates it opposite.

N: spinal accessory n. (CN XI) ventral Rami of c3-4

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6
Q

Trapezius

middle fibers

A

O: aponeruosis at t1-t4 (SP)

I: spine of scapula

A: Retraction of scapula

N: spinal accessory n. (CN XI) ventral Rami of c3-4

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7
Q

Trapezius

Lower Fibers

A

O: SP of t5-t12

I: spine of scapula on vertebral border

A: depression, upward rotation (retraction) of scapula

N: spinal accessory n. (CN XI) ventral Rami of c3-4

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8
Q

Levator Scapula

A

O: TP of c1-4

I: vertebral border of scapula at the superior angle

A: elevation of scapula, downward rotation. assists with cervical side bending

N: dorsal scapular (c4-c5)

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9
Q

Rhomboid

minor

A

O: c6-c7 SP

I: Spine of scapula vertebral border of scapula (superior : minor) (inferior: major)

A: Retraction/adduction and downward rotation of scapula

N: dorsal scapular

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10
Q

Rhomboid

major

A

O: t1-t4

I: Spine of scapula vertebral border of scapula (superior : minor) (inferior: major)

A: Retraction/adduction and downward rotation of scapula

N: dorsal scapular

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11
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

Vertebral fibers

A

O: spinous process of T7-12 vert, throacolumbar fascia

I: floor of interubcular groove of the humerus

A: shoulder extension, internal roatation, and adduction, cough muscle

N: thorocodorsal

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12
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

Scapular fibers

A

O: scapula (inferior angle)

I: floor of interubcular groove of the humerus

A: shoulder extension, internal roatation, and adduction, cough muscle

N: thorocodorsal

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13
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

iliac fibers

A

O: 9th to 12th ribs

I: floor of interubcular groove of the humerus

A: shoulder extension, internal roatation, and adduction, cough muscle

N: thorocodorsal

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14
Q

Teres Major

A

O: inferior angle of scapula

I: lesser tuberosity of humerus

A: shoulder extension, internal rotation and adduction of humerus

N: lower sub scapular n (c5-c7)

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15
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

O: coracoid process of scapula

I: mid shaft of humerus

A: weak flexor of arm at glenohumeral joint

N: musculocutaneous

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16
Q

Long Head of biceps brachii

remember long lateral

A

O: coracoid process of scapula

I: tendon of radial tuberosity

A: powerful flexor of biceps & supinator of forearm. weak flexor of arm at glenohumeral joint

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17
Q

Short head of biceps brachii

A

O: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

I: bicipital aponeuruosis into deep fascia of forearm

A: powerful flexor of biceps & supinator of forearm. weak flexor of arm at glenohumeral joint

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18
Q

aporneurosis

A

a sheet of pearly-white fibrous tissue that takes the place of a tendon in sheetlike muscles having a wide area of attachment.

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19
Q

Brachialis

A

O: anterior humorous (middle of it)
I: coranoid process of ulna
A: powerful flexor of forearm at elbow joint

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20
Q

Triceps brachii

Long head, medial, lateral

A

O: long: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Medial: posterior humerus:
Lateral: possterior humerus

I: olecranon process of ulna

A: extension of forearm at elbow joint

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21
Q

contents of cubital fossa

remember tan

A

TAN (lateral to medial

T: Biceps brachii Tendon
A: Brachiall Artery
N: Median Nerve

site of stethoscope for blood pressure

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22
Q

four superficial anterior forearm muscles have same origin

A

medial epicondyle of humerus

they are

pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
flexor carpi ulnaris
palmaris longus

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23
Q

trick to remember 5 arm muscles

use fingers of left hand

A 
Thumb- pronator teres
Index-flexor carpis radialus
Midlle- palmaris longis
Flexor _digitorum _  longis?
Flexor carpi digitalis
�
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24
Q

bones of the forearm

A

radius (thumb)- large at bottom. know radial head (top), styloid process (lateral),

ulna (pinky)- large on top with hook (olecranon process), & coronoid process is anterior part of hook) radial notch (holds radius), and styloid bone is medial

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25
Q

bones of hand

A 
S - scaphoid
L - lunate
T - triquetrum
P - pisiform  (floater ulna side)
(second row below)
T - trapezium
T - trapezoid
C - capitate  (big captain)
H - hamate  (has hook of hamate

some lovers try positions that they can’t handle

start reading at thumb, lower right. second line also starts on the right

then have metacarpals and phalanges. 1 is thumb 5 is pinky

poles doesn’t have middle phalanges.

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26
Q

anterior forearm vs posterior forearm

A

anterior- flexor and pronators

posterior is extensor and supinator

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27
Q

forearm muscles to know

*there are 5, put left hand on right forearm

to be continued

A

One’s that is not on here is the flexor digitorum superalis

  • Thumb is pronator teres
  • index is flexor carpi radialis
  • middle is flexor digitorum superalis
  • ring: Flexor digitorum profundus
  • pinky- flexor carpi ulnaris
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28
Q

what muscles all originate from the medial epicondyle of the humerus?

A
  1. pronator teres
  2. flexor carpi radialis (one below pronator teres)
  3. palmaris longus (15% of people have)
  4. flexor carpi ulnaris
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29
Q

flexor carpi radialis

A

O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: base of metacarpals 2 & 3 (just after little bones)

A: flexes and abducts hand(aka radial deviation)

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30
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris

A

O: medial epicondyle of humerus & olecranon of ulna

I: pisiform, hook of hamate, base of 5th

A: ulnar deviation (adduction) , flexes

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31
Q

palmaris longus

A

O; medial epicondyle of humerus

I: palmer aponeurosis (triangle layer of deep fascia of palm)

A: flexes hand

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32
Q

pronator teres

what does median nerve do here?

A

median nerve passes through the two head (at the top)

O: medial epicondyle of humerus & coronoid process of ulna

I: mid shaft of the radius

A: pronates hand by pulling radius anteriorly over ulna

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33
Q

intermediate muscle group of anterior forearm

A

flexor digitorum superficialis: this deep muscle has 4 tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel. the crossroads of the carpal tunnel is the “flexor retinaculum of wrist)

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34
Q

flexor digitorium superficialis

A

O: medial epicondyle of humerus and ulna and middle radius

I: middle phalanges 2 - 5. they split into 2 at the end

A: flexes wrist, flexes MP and PIP

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35
Q

MP

PIP

dip

A

metacarpophalangeal

proximal interphalangeal

distal interphalangeal

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36
Q

3 muscles deep of anterior compartment of forearm

A
  1. flexor digitorum profundus
  2. flexor pollicis longus

1 & 2 tendons go through carpal tunnel (deep of retinaculum of wrist)
3. pronator quadraus

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37
Q

flexor digitorum profundus

A

O: ulna and interosseous membrane

I: distal phalanges 2-5. each tendon slips through the slits of flexor digitorum superficialis

A: flexes (closes) hand, flexes, MP, PIP, DIP

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38
Q

flexor pollicis longus

A

O: radius and interosseous membrane

I: just phalanx of digit 1 (pollex)

A: flexes hand at wrist flexes MP & IP (interphalangeal- joint of thumb)

39
Q

what is trigger finger

A

Trigger finger:

  1. Tendons of flexor digitorum longus (profundus) and flexor digitorum superficialis catch on proximal edge of fibrous digital sheath
  2. Patient (MLB) has difficulty in extending phalanges at interphalangeal joints
40
Q

Interrosseous membrane- important in transfering forces

A

also know that forearm in pronation has the supinator muscle all coiled up around radius

41
Q

pronator quadratus

A

O: distal ulna

I: distal radius

A: pronates hand by pulling radius anteriorly over ulna

42
Q

innervation to anterior compartment of forearm

A

median nerves goes to most muscles of the anterior forearm except:

the ulnar nerve goes to 1.5 muscles

  1. flexor carpi ulnaris
  2. medial 1/5 of flexor digitorum profundus
43
Q

humerus: what to know

A

lateral supracondylar ridge

anterior
lesser tubercle
conoid fossa (medial)
radial fossa (lateral)

posterior

olecranon fossa

44
Q

Muscles of posterior forearm superficial group all insert and originate here

*most muscles are come off of lateral

A
  • All originate from lateral epicondyle of humerus or lateral supracondylar ridge
    • Insert on metacarpals or phalanges of digits 2-5
45
Q

fun facts for posterior muscles

-Muscles of deep group
-Mostly insert on thumb or index finger
-Radial nerve
-Damage to nerve: Wrist drop
-Arterial supply to posterior compartment
-Radial artery
-Posterior interosseous branch of ulnar artery
-Anatomical snuffbox on dorsum of hand
-Site of radial artery
�

A
  • Muscles of deep group
    • Mostly insert on thumb or index finger
  • Radial nerve
    • Damage to nerve: Wrist drop
  • Arterial supply to posterior compartment
    • Radial artery
    • Posterior interosseous branch of ulnar artery

-Anatomical snuffbox on dorsum of hand
-Site of radial artery
�

46
Q

Brachioradialis

good muscle to determine anterior and posterior back muscles

A

O: lateral supercondylar ridge of humerus

I: Distal radius

A: flexor of forearm when forearm in mid-prone position

47
Q 
extensor carpi radialis longus
#1
A

O: lateral supercondylar ridge of humerus

I: base of 2nd metacarpal

A: extends and abducts hand

48
Q 
extensor carpi radialis brevis
#2
A

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: base of 3rd metacarpal

A: extends and abducts hand

49
Q

comparing insertions and actions of flexor carpi radials and extensor carpi radials longus and brevis

2 extensors and one flexor

A

anterior: have flexor carpi radialis that inserts on the 2nd and 3rd metacarpal. It flexes and abducts.

posterior you have extensor carpi radialis longus which inserts on the 2nd metacarpal and extensor radialis brevis on the 3rd metacarpal. Actions: extend and abducts hand

so all abducts hand and similar

50
Q 
extensor digitorum
#3
A

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: four tendons form extensor expansions which insert on 2-5 DIP

*tendons split (give fingers ability to extend

A: extends hand

51
Q

Mallet finger

bryce harper

A

rupture of side slips of digitorum due to hyperflexion

52
Q

boutenniere deformity

A

finger is jammed in

53
Q

4

extensor digiti minimi

A

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: tendon joins extensor expansion to 5th finger

A: extends hand AT wrist
extends little finger at MP, PIP, DIP

54
Q

5

extensor carpi ulnaris

A

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: base of 5th metacarpal
A: extends and adducts hand

55
Q

Anconeus

think con like con on top of 1-5 of extenders

A

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: olecronon of ulna
A: extension of forearm (assists triceps)

56
Q

movements of thumb

A

*
know opposition of thumb

opposable thumbs

57
Q

Where is the cephalic vein

A

lateral

58
Q

Where is the basilic vein

A

medial (think close to base)

59
Q

what vein is in-between both cephalic and basilic

A

median cubital vein

60
Q

how to find superior ulnar collateral artery

A

branches off brachial artery @ middle of humerus (medial area)

61
Q

mnemonic for rotator cuff

A

sits

S - supraspinatus
I - infraspinatus
T - teres minor
S - subscapularis

Recalling this order also helps remembering the insertions of these muscles, with the order being superior, middle and inferior facets of the greater tubercle of the humerus for supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor respectively and the lesser tubercle of the humerus for subscapularis.

62
Q

Anconeus

A

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: olecranon of humerus

A: extension of forearm (assists triceps)

63
Q

Name the deep muscles of the forearm

A

supinator (deep and superficial heads) superficial is lateral)

3 are in relation to the thumb

  1. abductor pollicis longus
  2. extensor pollicis brevis
  3. extensor pollicis longus

and

extensor indicis

64
Q

abductor pollicis longus

A

O: ulna and interosseous membrane
I: base of 1st metacarpal
A: abducts thumb

65
Q

Anconeus

A

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: olecranon of humerus

A: extension of forearm (assists triceps)

66
Q

Name the deep muscles of the forearm

A

supinator (deep and superficial heads) superficial is lateral)

3 are in relation to the thumb

  1. abductor pollicis longus
  2. extensor pollicis brevis
  3. extensor pollicis longus

and

extensor indicis

67
Q

abductor pollicus longus

A

O: ulna and interosseous
I: dip of pollicis
A: pronator

68
Q

extensor pollicis brevis

A

O: interosseous membrane
I: base of 1st phalanx of thumb
A: extensor of pollicis

69
Q

what does the extensor retinaculum do?

A
  1. transverse thickening of deep fascia
  2. holds extensor tendons in place
  3. prevents bowstringing of tendons upon hyperextension of hand at wrist joint
70
Q

superficial branch of radial nerve

A

descends in anterior forearm deep to brachioradialis

sensory only to dorsolateral hand and dorsal sides of proximal part of lateral 3.5 digits

71
Q

supinator

A

O: 1. supinator crest of ulna
2. lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: upper lateral radius

A: supination of hand

72
Q

what does the extensor retinaculum do?

A
  1. transverse thickening of deep fascia
  2. holds extensor tendons in place
  3. prevents bowtringing of tendons upon hyperextension of hand at wrist joint
73
Q

superficial branch of radial nerve

A

descends in anterior forearm deep to brachioradialis

sensory only to dorsolateral hand and dorsal sides of proximal part of lateral 3.5 digits

74
Q

radial nerve innervates these muscles proximal to cubital fossa

A
  1. brachioradialis

2. ext carpi radialis longus & brevis

75
Q

anatomical snuffbox

A
  • can take radial pulse in anatomical snuffbox

from thumb to pinky looking at posteriorly

  1. abductor pollicis longus
  2. extensor pollicis brevis
  3. extensor pollicis longus
76
Q

radial nerve damage can do what?

A

wrist drop, so can’t extend hand. can do this with fracture at mid shaft of radius result in wrist drop

77
Q

Deltoid Anterior

A

O: lateral third of clavicle

I: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

A: Flexion, horizontal adduction, internal rotation of humerus, adduction with the shoulder abducted above 90 degrees

N: Axillary (c5-c6)

78
Q

Deltoid Middle

A

O: Acromion

I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

A: abduction of humerus

N: axillary c5-c6

79
Q

Where is the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus?

A

middle shaft on lateral end

80
Q

Deltoid Posterior

A

O: spine of Scapula

I: deltoid tuberosity of scapula

A: extension, horizontal abduction, external rotation of humerus, adduction with the should abducted above 90

N: axillary c5-c6

81
Q

Teres Minor

A

O: axillary border of scapula

I: greater tuberosity of humerus

A: external rotation rotator cuff

N: axillary

82
Q

where is the axillary border of the scapula?

A

heading to the axillary (opposite of vertebrae border

83
Q

Infraspinatus

A

O: infraspinous fossa of scapula

I: greater tuberosity of humerus

A: external rotation of rotator cuff

N: suprascapular n. (c4-c6)

84
Q

Supraspinatus

A

O: supraspinous fossa of scapula

I: great tuberosity of the humerus (superior aspect)

A: initial 30 degrees abduction of humerus rotator cuff

N: suprascapular nerve

85
Q

Subscapularis

*as 2 nerves

A

O: subscapular fossa of scapula

I: lesser tuberosity of humerus

A: internal rotation of humerus Rotator cuff

N: upper and lower sub scapular nn (c5- C6)

86
Q

Pectoralis major

Clavicular

A

O: medial half of clavicle

I: crest of greater tuberosity near the bicipital groove of humerus

A: adduction, horizontal adduction and internal rotation of humerus , flexion of humerus

N: medial and lateral pectoral nn (c5-T1)

87
Q

pectorals Major

Sternal

A

O: sternum, cartilages of upper 6 ribs, rectus abdominus sheath

I: crest of greater tuberosity near the bicipital groove of humerus

A: adduction, horizontal adduction and internal rotation of humerus , extension of humerus to anatomic position

N: medial and lateral pectoral nn (c5-T1)

88
Q

Subclavius

A

O: 1st rib

I: inferior surface of clavicle

A: depresses the lateral portion of clavicle on the AC joint

N: subclavius (c5-c6)

89
Q

Pectoralis Minor

A

O: Anterior 3-5 Ribs

I: coracoid process of scapula

A: protraction, depression, downward rotation of scapula,( assists with respiration when the scapula is fixed)

N: Medial pectoral (c8-t1)

90
Q

Serratus Anterior

A

O: lateral surface of upper 9 ribs

I: vertebral border of sub scapular surface

A: protraction/abduction , upward rotation of scapula

N: long thoracic n (c5-c7)Biceps

91
Q

Biceps Brachii

Short head

A

O: carotid process of scapula

I: tuberosity of radius

A: elbow joint: flexion of elbow, supination of forearm

N: musculocutaneious n. c5-c6

92
Q

Biceps brachii

Long head

A

O: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

I: tuberosity of radius

A: shoulder joint; flexion, stabilization of humeral head during deltoid contraction, abduction, and internal rotation of humerus

N: musculocutaneous n. c5-c6

93
Q

Brachialis

A

O: lower half of anterior humerus

I: tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna

A: flexion of elbow

N: musculocutaneous n. (c5-c6)

Anatomy (11 decks)

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